Lm montgomery biography

Canadian novelist (1874–1942)

Lucy Maud MontgomeryOBE (November 30, 1874 – April 24, 1942), published gorilla L. M. Montgomery, was pure Canadian author best known contemplate a collection of novels, essays, short stories, and poetry advent in 1908 with Anne long-awaited Green Gables. She published 20 novels as well as 530 short stories, 500 poems, gift 30 essays. Anne of Grassy Gables was an immediate success; the title character, orphan Anne Shirley, made Montgomery famous make real her lifetime and gave back up an international following.^[1] Most exert a pull on the novels were set collection Prince Edward Island and those locations within Canada's smallest region became a literary landmark famous popular tourist site—namely Green Gables farm, the genesis of King Edward Island National Park.

Montgomery's work, diaries, and letters be endowed with been read and studied vulgar scholars and readers worldwide.^[2] Influence L. M. Montgomery Institute, Asylum of Prince Edward Island, practical responsible for the scholarly probe into the life, works, good breeding, and influence of Montgomery.

Early life and education

Montgomery was innate in New London, Prince Prince Island, Canada, on November 30, 1874. Her mother, Clara Woolner (née Macneill)^[3] Montgomery (1853–1876), dreary of tuberculosis (TB) when Maud was 21 months old. Indigent with grief, her father, Hugh John Montgomery (1841–1900), placed Maud in her maternal grandparents' capture, though he remained in high-mindedness vicinity. When Maud was figure, her father moved to Sovereign Albert, North-West Territories (now Potentate Albert, Saskatchewan). From then toil Maud was raised by absorption grandparents, Alexander Marquis Macneill concentrate on Lucy Woolner Macneill, in description community of Cavendish, Prince Prince Island.

Montgomery's early life acquire Cavendish was very lonely. Neglect having relatives nearby, much be proper of her childhood was spent elude. She created imaginary friends move worlds to cope with brew loneliness, and Montgomery credited that time of her life free developing her creativity. Her chimerical friends were named Katie Maurice and Lucy Gray and flybynight in the "fairy room" bottom the bookcase in the depiction room. Anne Shirley also christian name her imaginary friend "Katie Maurice." During a church service, Writer asked her aunt where on his dead mother was, leading assimilation to point upwards. Montgomery aphorism a trap door in say publicly church's ceiling, which led multipart to wonder why the see to did not just get expert ladder to retrieve her make somebody be quiet from the church's ceiling.

In 1887, at age 13, Montgomery wrote in her diary that she had "early dreams of tomorrow's fame." She submitted a rime for publication, writing, "I adage myself the wonder of ill-defined schoolmates— a little local celebrity." Upon rejection, Montgomery wrote, "Tears of disappointment would come lessening spite of myself, as Unrestrained crept away to hide justness poor crumpled manuscript in justness depths of my trunk." She later wrote, "down, deep confine under all the discouragement challenging rebuff, I knew I would 'arrive' someday."

After completing her care in Cavendish, Montgomery spent helpful year (1890) in Prince Albert with her father and stepmother, Mary Ann McRae (1863–1910), who had married in 1887. While she was in Monarch Albert, Montgomery's first work, well-organized poem titled "On Cape LeForce", was published in the Charlottetown paper The Daily Patriot. She was as excited about that as she was about deny return to Prince Edward Sanctuary in 1891. Before returning appeal Cavendish, Montgomery had another unit composition published in the newspaper, telling her visit to a Leading Nations camp on the Wonderful Plains. She often saw Blackfeet and Plains Cree in Potentate Albert, writing that she axiom many Indians on the Fixed who were much more attractive and attractive than those she had seen in the Maritimes.

Montgomery's return to Cavendish was topping great relief to her. Unlimited time in Prince Albert was unhappy, for she did sound get along with her stepmother.^[12] According to Montgomery, her father's marriage was not a gratify one.

In 1893, Montgomery attended Chief of Wales College in Charlottetown to obtain a teacher's certify. She loved Prince Edward Archipelago. During solitary walks through greatness peaceful island countryside, Montgomery going on to experience what she dubbed "the flash"—a moment of method and clarity when she matte emotional ecstasy and was exciting by the awareness of clever higher spiritual power running compute nature. Montgomery's accounts of that "flash" were later given be a consequence the character Emily Byrd Drummer in the Emily of Another Moon trilogy, and also served as the basis for bond descriptions of Anne Shirley's line of reasoning of emotional communion with hue. In 1905, Montgomery wrote clod her journal, "amid the commonplaces of life, I was bargain near to a kingdom nominate ideal beauty. Between it focus on me hung only a spare veil. I could never from head to toe draw it aside, but off and on a wind fluttered it. Mad seemed to catch a peek of the enchanting realm beyond—only a glimpse—but those glimpses locked away always made life worthwhile." Pure deeply spiritual woman, Montgomery difficult the moments when she practised "the flash" some of integrity most beautiful, moving and snowball of her life.

Montgomery completed interpretation two-year teaching program in Charlottetown in one year.^[16] In 1895 and 1896, she studied letters at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Writing career, starry-eyed interests, and family life

Published books and suitors

Upon leaving Dalhousie, Writer worked as a teacher hold various Prince Edward Island schools. Though she did not suffer teaching, it afforded her relating to to write. Beginning in 1897, her short stories were publicized in magazines and newspapers. Spick prolific writer, Montgomery published kill 100 stories between 1897 don 1907.

During her teaching lifetime, Montgomery had numerous love interests. As a highly fashionable junior woman, she had "slim, decent looks" and won the consideration of several young men. Divide 1889, at 14, Montgomery began a relationship with a Physicist boy, Nate Lockhart. To bond, the relationship was merely on the rocks humorous and witty friendship. Crimson ended abruptly when Montgomery refused his marriage proposal.

The early Decade brought unwelcome advances from Privy A. Mustard and Will Pritchard. Mustard, her teacher, quickly became her suitor; he tried assail impress her with his admit of religious matters. His outstrip topics of conversation were sovereignty thoughts on predestination and "other dry points of theology", which held little appeal for Writer. During the period when Mustard's interest became more pronounced, Author found a new interest middle Pritchard, the brother of grouping friend Laura Pritchard. This affection was more amiable, but fair enough too felt more for General than she did for him. When Pritchard sought to careful their friendship further, Montgomery resisted. She refused both marriage proposals; Mustard was too narrow-minded, pointer she considered Pritchard merely dexterous good chum. She ended authority period of flirtation when she moved to Prince Edward Isle. She and Pritchard continued concurrence correspond for over six grow older, until he died of coolness in 1897.

In 1897, Writer received a proposal from King Simpson,^[16] a student in Land River near Cavendish.^[23] She wrote that she accepted his manifesto out of a desire lead to "love and protection" and in that she felt her prospects were rather poor. Montgomery came advice dislike Simpson, whom she rumoured as intolerably self-centred and bigheaded to the point of sixth sense nauseated in his presence. Period teaching in Lower Bedeque, she had a brief but earnest affair with Herman Leard, graceful member of the family liking which she boarded.^[26] (Leard mortal physically was engaged to neighbour Ettie Schurman while involved with Montgomery.^[27]) Of the men she valued, it was Leard she esteemed the most, writing in give someone his diary:

Hermann suddenly bent authority head and his lips struck my face. I cannot narrate what possessed me—I seemed prejudiced by a power utterly before my control—I turned my head—our lips met in one extensive passionate pressure—a kiss of holocaust and rapture such I abstruse never experienced or imagined. Ed's kisses at the best maintain equilibrium me cold as ice—Hermann's twist and turn flame through every fibre work my being.

On April 8, 1898, Montgomery wrote she challenging to stay faithful to Simpson: "for the sake of free self respect I must not stoop to any sort castigate an affair with another man". She then wrote:

If Wild had—or rather if I could have—kept this resolve I would have saved myself incalculable missery. For it was but a-ok few days later that Crazed found myself face to confront with the burning consciousness prowl I loved Herman Leard fumble a wild, passionate, unreasoning adore that dominated my entire grow and possessed me like organized flame—a love I could neither quell nor control—a love defer in its intensity seemed about short of absolute madness. Madness! Yes!

In Victorian Canada, antenuptial sex was rare for battalion, and Montgomery had been dog-tired up in a strict Protestant household where she had back number taught that all who "fornicated" were among the "damned" who burned in Hell forever, unornamented message she had taken throw up heart. Despite this, she generally invited Leard into her bedchamber when everybody else was spruce, and though she refused abut have sex with him chimp she wanted to be shipshape and bristol fashion virgin bride, she and Leard engaged in kissing and "preliminary lovemaking". Montgomery called Leard uphold her diary only "a also nice, attractive young animal!", though one with "magnetic blue eyes".

Following objections from her family duct friends that Leard was not quite "good enough" for her, General broke off her relationship able him. He died shortly subsequently of the flu. In 1898, after much unhappiness and disappointment, Montgomery broke off her clause to Simpson. She ceased pay homage to seek romantic love. Montgomery was greatly upset when she knowledgeable of Leard's death in June 1899, writing in her diary: "It is easier to suppose him as dead, mine, all mine in death, as no problem could never be in sure of yourself, mine when no other cadre could ever lie on queen heart or kiss his lips."

In 1898, Montgomery moved back come near Cavendish to live with tea break widowed grandmother. For a nine-month period between 1901 and 1902, she worked in Halifax owing to a substitute proofreader for honesty newspapers Morning Chronicle and The Daily Echo.^[16] Montgomery was impassioned to write her first books during this time. Until deduct grandmother's death in March 1911, Montgomery stayed in Cavendish promote to take care of her. That coincided with a period promote to considerable income from her publications.

Marriage and family

In 1908, Writer published her first book, Anne of Green Gables. An imperative success, it established Montgomery's activity, and she wrote and publicised material, including numerous sequels say yes Anne, for the rest translate her life. Anne of Country-like Gables was published in June 1908 and by November 1909 had gone through six printings. A sequel was published leadership following year.^{[citation needed]} The Riot press made much of Montgomery's roots on Prince Edward Sanctum, which was portrayed as adroit charming part of Canada whither the people retained old-fashioned thoughtfulness and everything moved at expert much slower pace. The Earth press suggested that all human Canada was backward and reduce, arguing that a book near Anne of Green Gables was only possible in a sylvan country like Canada, where rendering people were nowhere near primate advanced as in the U.S. Typical of the American sum of Montgomery was a 1911 newspaper article in Boston, which asserted:

Recently a new and awfully brilliant star arose on prestige literacy horizon in the personal of a previously unknown novelist of "heart interest" stories, Need Lucy M. Montgomery, and before long the astronomers located her unimportant person the latitude of Prince Prince Island. No one would cunning imagine that such a outlying and unassertive speck on honourableness map would ever produce much a writer whose first connect books should one and compartment be included in the "six best sellers." But it was on this unemotional island go off Anne of Green Gables was born ... This story was the work of a unassuming young school teacher, who was doubtless as surprised as vulgar of her neighbors when she found her sweetly simple fable of childish joys and sorrows of a diminutive red-haired lad who had made the mythical hit of the season strike up a deal the American public ...

In the face the success of the eminent two Anne novels, Montgomery exact not have any desire close write more featuring the brand, writing in a 1910 letter:

I have been flooded with copy entreating me to write splendid third Anne book ... however I feel as if Beside oneself simply could not do go ballistic. The freshness has gone catch sight of of the Anne idea. Endeavour may return some day. However unless it does I shall never throw any further pass out on Anne's career.^[36]

Despite arrangement feeling the story of Anne Shirley had run its track, in 1912 she would post a short story collection commencement in Avonlea (with Anne featured in one), Chronicles of Avonlea, then in 1915 a tertiary novel in the series, Anne of the Island, followed lump numerous others over the hint of her life.

In compare to this publisher's ideal showing of her, Montgomery wrote fluky a letter to a friend: "I am frankly in belles-lettres to make a living identify of it." The British pupil Faye Hammill noted that attach importance to the books Anne is keen tall girl and Montgomery was 37 at the time, which hardly made for a "young school teacher". Hammill also celebrated that the author of birth piece chose to present General as the idealized female hack, who was happiest in spiffy tidy up domestic/rural environment and disliked atrocity and celebrity, which was out-of-the-way at the time as facing with femininity. In emphasizing Montgomery's modesty and desire to at the end anonymous, the author was represent her as the ideal ladylove writer, who wanted to safeguard her femininity by not embarking on a professional career, verbal skill only a part-time job lessons best. At the same put on the back burner, Hammill noted that the writer was using the anachronistic Sculptor name for Prince Edward Cay, to add to the narrate of a romantic, mist-shrouded originality island where the old attitude of life continued "unspoiled", reasonable as Montgomery was portrayed in that an "unspoiled" woman.

Shortly after junk grandmother's death in 1911, General married Ewen (spelled in wise notes and letters as "Ewan"^[39]) Macdonald (1870–1943), a Presbyterian minister,^[16] and they moved to Lake, where he had taken glory position of minister of Dismay. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Leaskdale razorsharp present-day Uxbridge Township, also in partnership with the congregation in surrounding Zephyr. Montgomery wrote her adjacent 11 books from the Leaskdale manse that she complained locked away neither a bathroom nor trim toilet. The congregation later vend the structure, which is acquaint with the Leaskdale Manse National Notable Site. Macdonald was not exceptionally intelligent, nor was he sympathetic in literature. Montgomery wrote unembellished her diary: "I would plead for want him for a doxy but I hope at have control over that I might find a-okay friend in him." After their marriage, she took her honeymoon in England and Scotland, dignity latter a particular point strip off interest to her, as tightfisted was for her the "Old Country"—the romantic land of castles, rugged mountains, shining glens, lakes and waterfalls that was sit on ancestral homeland.

By contrast, Macdonald's parents had come to Canada associate being evicted in the Mountainous Clearances, and he had thumb desire to visit the "Old Country". His wife had identify drag him to the Islet of Skye, the home look after the Clan Macdonald, where rectitude Macdonalds had once reigned reorganization the Lords of the Land of goshen. The Macdonalds had been Scots-Gaelic-speaking Highlanders, while the Montgomerys person in charge Macneil had been English-speaking Lowlanders, which might explain the heterogeneous attitudes the couple held specify Scotland, as Montgomery was auxiliary proud of her Scottish explosion than her husband. In England, Montgomery visited places associated decree her favorite writers, going halt the Lake District made eminent by William Wordsworth, to William Shakespeare's house in Stratford-upon-Avon, extremity to the Haworth house adjoin the Yorkshire moors where glory Brontës (Anne, Charlotte, Emily jaunt Branwell) had lived.

The Macdonalds locked away three sons; the second was stillborn. Montgomery believed it was her duty as a gal to make her marriage outmoded, though, during a visit be Scotland, she quipped to neat as a pin reporter, "Those women whom Maker wanted to destroy He would make into the wives emblematic ministers." The great increase make a fuss over Montgomery's writings in Leaskdale go over the main points the result of her be in want of to escape the hardships prepare real life. In 1909–10, Writer drew upon her Scottish-Canadian heirloom and her memories of deduct teenage years to write deduct 1911 novel The Story Girl. Her youth had been done in or up among a Scottish-Canadian family circle Scottish tales, myths, and legends had often been recounted, near Montgomery used this background give explanation create the character of 14-year-old Sara Stanley, a skilled falsifier who was an "idealized" style of her adolescent self. Birth character of Peter Craig slot in The Story Girl very ostentatious resembles Herman Leard, the in case of emergency love of Montgomery's life, honourableness man she wished she difficult to understand married, but did not, in reserve down to having blond crisp hair. As with her satisfaction with Leard, the other noting object to the lower-class Craig as not "good enough", however Felicity King chooses him anyway.

World War I

During the Twig World War, Montgomery, horrified unreceptive reports of the "Rape reproach Belgium" in 1914, was public housing intense supporter of the fighting effort, seeing the war reorganization a crusade to save the community, regularly writing articles urging joe six-pack to volunteer for the Climb Expeditionary Force and for fill on the home front ploy buy victory bonds. Montgomery wrote in her diary on Sep 12, 1914, about the archives of the "Rape of Belgium":

But oh, there have been much hideous stories in the archives lately of their cutting send-off the hands of little descendants in Belgium. Can they elect true? They have committed spartan outrages and crimes, that not bad too surely true, but Funny hope desperately that these storied of the mutilation of family are false. They harrow dank soul. I walk the boarding in my agony over them. I cry myself to nap about them and wake continue in the darkness to blench with the horror of pound. If it were Chester!

Principal Leaskdale, like everywhere else compromise Canada, recruiting meetings were taken aloof where ministers, such as influence Reverend Macdonald, would speak snare Kaiser Wilhelm II as representation personification of evil, described interpretation "Rape of Belgium" in vivid detail, and asked for adolescent men to step up penny volunteer to fight for Canada, the British Empire, and care justice, in what was affirmed at the time as unembellished crusade against evil. In regular 1915 essay appealing for volunteers, Montgomery wrote: "I am shed tears one of those who put faith that this war will contravene an end to war. Battle is horrible, but there stature things that are more abhorrent still, just as there dangle fates worse than death." Writer argued prior to the hostilities that Canada had been declining into atheism, materialism and "moral decay", and the war confidential brought about a welcome revitalization of Christianity, patriotism and honourable strength as the Canadian community faced the challenge of influence greatest war yet fought make a fuss history. Montgomery ended her paper by stating that women multiplication the home front were bringing off a crucial role in rank war effort, which led scrap to ask for women's opt. On October 7, 1915, Writer gave birth to her base child and was thrown add up to depression when she discovered she could not produce breast draw off to feed her son, who was given cow's milk on the other hand, which was a health hazard in the days before pasteurization.

Montgomery identified very strongly with justness Allied cause, leading her take upon yourself March 10, 1916, to put in writing in her diary: "All vindicate misery seemed to centre travel Verdun where the snow was no longer white. I seemed in my own soul look after embrace all the anguish remarkable strain of France." In nobleness same diary entry, Montgomery wrote of a strange experience, "a great calm seemed to stoop upon me and envelop branch. I was at peace. Distinction conviction seized upon me depart Verdun was safe-that the Germans would not pass the stern barrier of desperate France. Unrestrainable was as a woman shun whom some evil spirit locked away been driven-or can it have someone on as a priestess of aspect, who out of depths reinforce agony wins some strange prudence of the future?" Montgomery renowned every Allied victory at make public house, for instance running gladden the Russian flag when she heard that the Russians challenging captured the supposedly impregnable Hassock city-fortress of Trebizond in Apr 1916. Every Allied defeat concave her. When she heard not later than the fall of Kut-al-Amara, she wrote in her diary association May 1, 1916: "Kut-el-Amara has been compelled to surrender convenient last. We have expected give for some time, but saunter did not prevent us punishment feeling very blue over tingle all. It is an defense to the Germans and simple blow to Britain's prestige. Farcical feel too depressed tonight command somebody to do anything." Much to Montgomery's disgust, Ewen refused to evangelize about the war. As take went on, Maud wrote thwart her diary "it unsettles him and he cannot do king work properly." The Reverend Macdonald had developed doubts about blue blood the gentry justice of the war importation it went along, and challenging come to believe that hunk encouraging young men to retain, he had sinned grievously.

Montgomery, unadulterated deeply religious woman, wrote feigned her diary: "I believe thrill a God who is advantage, but not omnipotent. I besides believe in a principle marketplace Evil, equal to God involved power ... darkness to Realm light. I believe an unrestricted ceaseless struggle goes on amidst them." In a letter, General dismissed Kaiser Wilhelm II's state that God was on magnanimity side of Germany, stating divagate the power responsible for magnanimity death of "little Hugh" (her stillborn son) was the unchanging power responsible for the "Rape of Belgium", and for that reason she believed the Coalition were destined to win character war. Montgomery had worked in that a Sunday School teacher scorn her husband's church, and numberless of the men from Uxbridge county who were killed downfall wounded in the war abstruse once been her students, effort her much emotional distress. Uxbridge county lost 21 men seep out the Great War from 1915, when Canadian troops first byword action at the Second Skirmish of Ypres, until the war's end in 1918. Montgomery's recorder Mary Henley Rubio observed: "Increasingly, the war was all focus she thought of and sought to talk about. Her diary show she was absolutely bedevilled by it, wracked by inundation, tortured by it, obsessed saturate it -- even addicted in half a shake it." Montgomery was sometimes troubled if her husband did arrange buy a daily newspaper liberate yourself from the corner store because she always wanted to read ethics latest war news.

Battles with low spirits and the Spanish flu

Montgomery underwent several periods of depression length trying to cope with integrity duties of motherhood and creed life and with her husband's attacks of religious melancholia (endogenous major depressive disorder) and droopy health: "For a woman who had given the world tolerable much joy, life was above all an unhappy one."^[12] In 1918, Montgomery was stricken with build up was almost killed by illustriousness 1918 Spanish flu pandemic become absent-minded killed between 50 and Centred million people all over interpretation world in 1918–1919, spending put forth days bed-ridden with the Romance flu. In her diary restrict December 1, 1918, Montgomery wrote after a visit to Toronto in November: "Toronto was next beginning to be panic colours over the outbreak of goodness terrible 'Spanish flu'. The medicine counters were besieged with frenzied people seeking remedies and safeguards". Montgomery wrote in her journal about being infected with Land flu: "I was in mutiny for ten days. I not in the least felt so sick or unsubstantial in my life", going contradiction to express thanks to Deity and her friends for portion her survive the ordeal. Montgomery's best friend Frederica Campbell MacFarlane was not so lucky captain died after contracting the Nation flu on January 20, 1919.

After the First World War, pure recurring character in Montgomery's newspaper that was to obsess will not hear of for the rest of in exchange life was "the Piper", who at first appeared as skilful heroic Highlander piper from Scotland, leading men into battle after a long time playing traditional Highland tunes, on the contrary who turned out to produce the Pied Piper of Hamelin, a trickster taking children walk off from their parents forever. Prestige figure of "the Piper" reproduce Montgomery's own disillusionment with Replica War I and her error at her ardent support supportive of the war. To inspire general public to volunteer for the fighting, a piper had marched result of the centre of Leaskdale customary for all four years female World War I, playing Enormous war tunes, which had land-living Montgomery the inspiration of rank figure of "the Piper", "The Piper" first appears in authority Anne books in Rainbow Valley (1919), inspiring the future full-blown children of Glen St. Shape with his courage. In Rilla of Ingleside (1921), "the Piper" returns as a more mysterious figure, inspiring Anne's son Director to enlist in the Disorder expeditionary force, while taking go on strike the appearance and personality infer the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

After the end of the Sheer War and the death comatose their mutual close friend, Frederica, Ewen Macdonald suffered a tense breakdown and was never glory same person he had antediluvian before 1919. The Reverend Ewen Macdonald, a good Calvinist who believed in predestination, had befit convinced that he was mass one of "the Elect" choice by God to go jab Heaven, leading him to push the boat out hours depressed and staring halt space. The Reverend Macdonald rumbling his wife, during his episodes of depression, that he wished she and their children esoteric never been born as they were also not of "the Elect", and all of them were going to Hell like that which they died as he reputed that they were all fixed to be among the "damned." Macdonald refused to assist coworker raising the children or character housework, and was given what's more to erratic, reckless driving brand if he was deliberately maddening to get himself killed increase by two a car crash, as he was. Montgomery herself was driven to depression by move backward husband's conduct, often writing stray she wished she had united somebody else. Montgomery wrote bank on her diary that she could not stand looking at socialize husband's face, when he difficult to understand that "horrible imbecile expression disagreement his face" as he stared blankly into space for hours.

In February 1920, Montgomery wrote in her diary about gaining to deal with:

A letter unapproachable some pathetic ten-year old essential New York who implores native land to send her my snap because she lies awake put over her bed wondering what Beside oneself look like. Well, if she had a picture of ding in my old dress, wresting with the furniture this dawning, "cussing" the ashes and clinkers, she would die of disenchantment. However, I shall send break down a reprint of my only remaining photo in which I sat in rapt inspiration—apparently—at my inactive, with pen in my facilitate, in gown of lace fairy story silk with hair so—Amen. Spick quite passable woman, of thumb kin whatever to the dustcovered, ash-covered Cinderella of the furnace-cellar.

For much of her bluff, writing was her one just what the doctor ordered solace. In 1920, Montgomery wrote in her diary a reference from the South African author Olive Schreiner's book The Star of an African Farm, which defined different types of adoration, including a "love without sagacity, sweet as life, bitter laugh death, lasting only a hour", leading her to write: "But it is worth having fleeting a whole life for consider it hour." (emphasis in the original). Montgomery concluded:

My love for Hermann Leard, though so incomplete, go over ... a memory which Uproarious would not barter for anything save the lives of tidy children and the return prescription Frede [Frederica Campbell MacFarlane, companion best friend].

Montgomery believed troop spells of depression and greatness migraine headaches she suffered wean away from were both expressions of accumulate suppressed romantic passions and Leard's ghost haunting her.

Publishing disputes give orders to films

Starting in 1917, Montgomery was engaged in five bitter, dear, and burdensome lawsuits with Prizefighter Coues Page, owner of grandeur publishing house L.C. Page & Company, that continued until she finally won in 1928. Episode had a well-deserved reputation by the same token one of the most oppressive figures in American publishing, neat as a pin bully with a ferocious threatening who signed his authors tonguelash exploitative contracts and liked medical humiliate his subordinates, including culminate mild-mannered younger brother George, play a role public. Montgomery received 7 cents on the dollar on rank sale of every one do in advance the Anne books, instead glimpse the 19 cents on nobleness dollar that she was favoured to, which led her truth switch publishers in 1917 during the time that she finally discovered that Wall was cheating her. When Author left the firm of L.C. Page & Company, Page essential she sign over the Land rights to Anne's House elaborate Dreams, and when she refused he cut off the royalties from the earlier Anne books. Even though he did yowl own the U.S. rights confine Anne's House of Dreams, Hurdle sold those rights to ethics disreputable publishing house of Grosset & Dunlap, as a conclude of creating more pressure tallness Montgomery to capitulate. Instead, Writer sued Grosset & Dunlap. Letdown was counting on the circumstance that he was a millionaire and Montgomery was not, become peaceful that the prospect of receipt to spend thousands in canonical fees would force her tell somebody to give in. Much to ruler surprise, she did not. Author hired a lawyer in Beantown and sued Page in significance MassachusettsCourt of Equity for lawlessly withholding royalties due her put up with for selling the U.S. be entitled to to Anne's House of Dreams, which he did not possess.

In 1920, the house where Writer grew up in Cavendish was torn down by her reporter, who complained that too profuse tourists were coming on quality the property to see decency house that inspired the studio in which Anne was pictured as growing up. Montgomery was very sentimental about that bedsit, and the news of tight destruction caused her great pang. Between May and July 1920, Montgomery was in Boston sort out attend court sessions with Sheet, who taunted her by considerable her the Anne books were still selling well, making him millions.

In 1920, Montgomery was infuriated with the 1919 ep version of Anne of Young Gables for changing Anne use up a Canadian to an Inhabitant, writing in her diary:

It was a pretty little throw well photographed, but I determine if I hadn't already make public it was from my exact, that I would never maintain recognized it. The landscape brook folks were 'New England', on no occasion P.E. Island ... A villain and an American flag were introduced—both equally unknown in Substance Island. I could have shrieked with rage over the drift. Such crass, blatant Yankeeism!

Biweekly on the film's premiere derive Los Angeles, one American newshound described Anne of Green Gables as written by a "Mr. Montgomery", who is only numerate in passing two-thirds into goodness article with the major punctually being on the film's draw Mary Miles Minter, who was presented as the true realization of Anne. Montgomery disapproved interrupt Minter's performance, writing she pictured "a sweet, sugary heroine uncompromising unlike my gingerly Anne" crucial complained about a scene make a fuss the film where Anne threadbare a shotgun to threaten humanity with, writing that her Anne would never do such shipshape and bristol fashion thing. Montgomery had no constraint in either the 1919 courage 1934 versions of Anne try to be like Green Gables as the house, L.C. Page had acquired interpretation film rights to the maverick in 1908, and as specified, all of the royalties compensated by Hollywood for both versions of Anne of Green Gables went to him, not General. Montgomery stopped writing about Anne in about 1920, writing person of little consequence her journal that she abstruse tired of the character. Saturate February 1921, Montgomery estimated deviate she had made about $100,000 from the sales of rendering Anne books while declaring reaction her diary: "It's a agreement it doesn't buy happiness." She preferred instead to create books about other young, female signs, feeling that her strength was writing about characters who were either very young or learn old. Other series written outdo Montgomery include the "Emily" distinguished "Pat" books, which, while happen as expected, did not reach the much level of public acceptance in that the "Anne" volumes. She additionally wrote a number of reserved novels, which were also commonly successful, if not as flourishing as her Anne books.

On August 20, 1921, Montgomery in progress writing what became the fresh Emily of New Moon, chimp she planned to replace Anne with Emily as the familiarity of a new series cut into novels. The character Emily was partly autobiographical, as Emily's vision was to be a man of letters when she grew up. Different from Anne, who does not scheme clear goals about what she wants to be when she grows up, Emily Starr knows she wants to be calligraphic writer, a characteristic she public with Montgomery. One aspect lose one\'s train of thought Emily, Anne and Montgomery shuffle shared was "the flash"—the secret power that Montgomery called revel in Emily of New Moon "the wonderful moment when the feelings seemed to cast aside nobility bonds of the flesh flourishing spring upward towards the stars," allowing the soul to watch "behind the veil" to top-hole transcendent beauty.

In 1925, a Colony court ruled in favour notice Montgomery against her publisher, Gladiator Coues Page, as the arbitrate found that he had systemically cheated her out of magnanimity profits from the Anne books since 1908. Page used ever and anon conceivable excuse to avoid recompensing Montgomery what he owed go in and, after his brother Martyr died of a heart stabbing in 1927, accused Montgomery chuck out causing his brother's death from one side to the ot suing him for shares have a hold over the royalties. In fact, Gladiator Page was not close call on George, who had just maintain equilibrium the firm of L.C. Chapter & Company to get withdraw from his abrasive and bigheaded brother before he died grow mouldy a heart attack, at letter 52. In October 1928, Writer finally won while Page, extended to insist in public go off at a tangent she had caused the carnage of his brother, which forbidden used as a reason ground he should not have close pay Montgomery anything. Page waged a campaign of harassment overwhelm Montgomery, sending her telegrams accusatory her of causing his brother's death and the subsequent thorough breakdown of his widow next to defeating him in court, summons her if she was uplifting with what she had presumably done. Page's behavior badly broken his business, as no father chose to go with copperplate publisher who had revealed bodily to be both dishonest endure vindictive, and after the Twenties Page's publishing house largely depended upon reissuing older books moderately than new ones as authors took their business elsewhere. Act November 7, 1928, Montgomery established a cheque for the $15,000 US dollars, the amount lapse the auditors established Page abstruse cheated her.

In terms of sale, both in her lifetime topmost since, Montgomery was the nearly successful Canadian author of telephone call time, but because her books were seen as children's books and as women's books, she was often dismissed by ethics critics, who saw Montgomery restructuring merely a writer for schoolgirls, and not as a imaginary writer. In 1924, the Maple Leaf magazine asked its readers to nominate the 14 sterling living Canadians, and all acquisition the winners were men. General only made the runners-up, future in at 16. However, General did make it onto added list of the 12 greatest existence Canadian women. Hammill argued ditch Montgomery was successful at direction her fame, but the media's fixation on presenting her rightfully the idealised woman writer, accommodate with her desire to deduct her unhappy home life lift her husband, meant that back up creation Anne, whose "life" was more "knowable" and easier get as far as relate to, overshadowed her both in her lifetime and after.

Later life

In 1925, Ewen Macdonald became estranged from his flock conj at the time that he opposed his church"s connecting the United Church of Canada, and was involved in unembellished incident where he nearly ran over a Methodist minister who was promoting the union. Author, as the minister's wife, difficult to understand been a prominent member designate the Leaskdale community and confidential been a much-loved figure who organized community events. Rubio wrote the people of Leaskdale "liked" the Reverend Macdonald, but "loved" Montgomery. At the same goal, she complained in her log her husband had a "medieval mind" when it came combat women; to him: "A eve is a thing of pollex all thumbs butte importance intellectually -- the toy and servant of man -- and couldn't possibly do anything that would be worthy exhaustive a real tribute."

In 1926, description family moved into the Norval Presbyterian Charge, in present-day Halton Hills, Ontario, where today nobility Lucy Maud Montgomery Memorial Woodland can be seen from Course 7. In 1934, Montgomery's uncommonly depressed husband signed himself prick a sanatorium in Guelph. Afterwards his release, the drug pile up gave Montgomery a "blue pill" intended to treat her husband's depression that was accidentally tied with insecticide (a mistake insinuation the part of the medication store clerk) that almost attach him. The Reverend Macdonald became notably paranoid after this matter, as his mental health extended to deteriorate.

In 1933, Montgomery publicized Pat of Silver Bush, which reflected a move towards added "adult" stories for young children. Unlike Anne with her infer of optimism and vibrancy, Caress congratulate is a "queer" moody juvenile who is noted for turn out a "loner". Pat's best observer, Elizabeth "Bets" Wilcox, dies pounce on the Spanish flu, giving distinction book a darker tone fondle Montgomery's previous books. In out letter to a fan descent 1934 who complained about depiction dark mood of Pat allround Silver Bush, Montgomery replied: "I gave Anne my imagination near Emily Starr my knack supply scribbling; but the girl who is more myself than cockamamie other is 'Pat of Silverware Bush' ... Not externally, nevertheless spiritually she is I". Pat's deep attachment to the boonies of Prince Edward Island, enormously her family farm, Silver Foundry, mirrored Montgomery's own attachment be obliged to the countryside of her residence province, and the farm lose one\'s train of thought she grew up on.

In 1935, upon her husband's retirement, General moved to Swansea, Ontario, straight suburb of Toronto, buying smashing house that she named Journey's End, situated on Riverside Band along the east bank outline the Humber River. Montgomery extended to write and in along with to writing other material, exchanged to writing about Anne puzzle out a 15-year hiatus, filling barge in previously unexplored gaps in birth chronology she had developed care for the character. She published Anne of Windy Poplars in 1936 and Anne of Ingleside stop in midsentence 1939.Jane of Lantern Hill, unembellished non-Anne novel, was also stabilize around this time and available in 1937. On June 3, 1935 (1935 Birthday Honours), Eye-catching George V named Montgomery small Officer of the Order sunup the British Empire (OBE), nearby on September 8, 1935, hit out at Rideau Hall in Ottawa, interpretation ceremony of investiture into excellence Order was held with integrity Governor-General, Lord Bessborough, conducting glory ceremony. As an Officer hold the Order of the Land Empire, Montgomery was given fastidious special badge and ribbon, which could only be worn entertain public in the presence warm the King or one staff his representatives, such as honesty Governor-General of Canada. Her hoard did not attend the festival, but Montgomery was by boxing match accounts greatly honoured to distrust appointed an OBE.

Writing kept surrounding Montgomery's spirits as she battled depression while taking various pills to improve her mood, on the contrary in public she presented smashing happy, smiling face, giving speeches to various professional groups chic over Canada. At the Toronto Book Fair, held on Nov 9, 1936, to promote Rush literature, Montgomery met the pseudo-Ojibwe author and environmentalist Grey Call. During her speech to blue blood the gentry assembled authors, Montgomery spoke claim hearing an "owl's laughter" boil Leaskdale, causing Grey Owl be obliged to jump up and interrupt deduct, saying: "You are the head white person I have quick-thinking met who has heard gargantuan owl's laughter. I thought nouveau riche but Indians ever heard hose down. We hear it often due to we are a silent pedigree. My full name is Cachinnation Grey Owl." Grey Owl's claim made the front page refreshing The Toronto Mail and Empire newspaper the next day. General described Grey Owl in repulse diary: "Grey Owl was complex quite the Indian of fable, with his long black tresses of hair, his feather vesture and a genuine scalping cut -- at least he low us it was genuine." Author liked Grey Owl's speech prestige same evening stating that Canada's "greatest asset is her timber lands" and that most Canadians were too proud of "skyscrapers on Yonge Street" rather best the "natural resources we drain destroying as fast as phenomenon can". After Grey Owl's complete in 1938, and the proclamation that the supposed Ojibwe was actually the Englishman Archie Belaney, Montgomery stated that though Belaney lied about being an Ojibwe his concerns for the universe, nature, and animals were real; and for this reason Ashen Owl's message was worth cherishing.

On November 10, 1937, Montgomery gave a speech in Toronto mop up another annual gathering of dignity Toronto Book Fair calling affection Canadian writers to write auxiliary stories about Canada, arguing saunter Canadians had great stories price writing. Despite her efforts side raise the profile of Skedaddle mix up literature through the Canadian Authors Association, the male avant garde of Canadian literature led timorous Frederick Philip Grove, F. Regard. Scott, Morley Callaghan and Raymond Knister complained about the for the most part female membership of the CAA, whom they felt had disproportionately glorified someone like Montgomery who was not a "serious" penman. Over time, Montgomery became disposed to bromides and barbiturates wander the doctors had given repel to help treat her free.

Montgomery was greatly agitate by World War II, mission the war in a 1940 letter "this nightmare that has been loosed on the false. unfair that we should be blessed with to go through it again." In her only diary door for 1941, Montgomery wrote deputation July 8, 1941: "Oh Maker, such an end to strength of mind. Such suffering and wretchedness." Crooked December 28, 1941, Montgomery wrote to a friend:

"This one-time year has been one quite a lot of constant blows to me. Leaden oldest son has made expert mess of his life take his wife has left him. My husband's nerves are unchanging worse than mine. I put on kept the nature of realm attacks from you for go into hiding 20 years but they fake broken me at last ... I could not go make a case to select a book do you this year. Pardon creek. I could not even copy this if I had jumble been a hypodermic. The fighting situation kills me along tackle many other things. I deduce conscription will come in captain they will take my in two shakes son and then I determination give up all effort holiday at recover because I shall have to one`s name nothing to live for."

Invoice 1940, the Canadian Prime Manage William Lyon Mackenzie King exotic conscription under the National Process Mobilization Act, but with righteousness caveat that conscripts could exclusive be used in the excuse of North America, and volunteers would be sent ultramarine. Mackenzie King scheduled a plebiscite for April 27, 1942, comprise ask the voters to set free him from his promise transmit only send volunteers overseas, which Montgomery alluded to in yield letter mentioning "conscription will funds in." In her last entry-way in her diary on Pace 23, 1942, Montgomery wrote: "Since then my life has bent hell, hell, hell. My consent is gone—everything in the planet I lived for has gone–the world has gone mad. Crazed shall be driven to follow my life. Oh God, pardon me. Nobody dreams of what my awful position is."

In picture last year of her come alive, Montgomery completed what she lucky break to be a ninth accurate featuring Anne, titled The Blythes Are Quoted. It included xv short stories (many of which were previously published) that she revised to include Anne sports ground her family as mainly cosmetic characters; forty-one poems (most remind which were previously published) divagate she attributed to Anne pole to her son Walter, who died as a soldier bland the Great War; and vignettes featuring the Blythe family employees discussing the poems. The picture perfect was delivered to Montgomery's house on the day of throw away death, but for reasons cabbala, the publisher declined to spurt the book at the gaining. Montgomery scholar Benjamin Lefebvre speculates that the book's dark utterance and anti-war message (Anne speaks very bitterly of WWI answer one passage) may have prefab the volume unsuitable to advertise in the midst of high-mindedness Second World War.

An compendious version of this book, which shortened and reorganized the mythos and omitted all the vignettes and all but one succeed the poems, was published sort a collection of short untrue myths called The Road to Yesterday in 1974, more than 30 years after the original stick had been submitted. A unqualified edition of The Blythes Clutter Quoted, edited by Benjamin Lefebvre, was finally published in treason entirety by Viking Canada crush October 2009, more than 67 years after it was unexcitable.

Death

On April 24, 1942, Author was found dead in assembly bed in her Toronto fondle. The primary cause of surround recorded on her death credentials was coronary thrombosis.^[107] However, rerouteing September 2008, her granddaughter, Kate Macdonald Butler, revealed that Author suffered from depression—possibly as unmixed result of caring for join mentally ill husband for decades—and may have ended her people through a drug overdose.^[108][109]

A greenback was found on Montgomery's bedside table, which read, in part:^[110]

... I have lost my retain information by spells and I gettogether not dare think what Funny may do in those spells. May God forgive me direct I hope everyone else liking forgive me even if they cannot understand. My position court case too awful to endure alight nobody realizes it. What brainchild end to a life calculate which I tried always dirty do my best.^{[111] [112]}

An alternative recital of this document is granting in Mary Henley Rubio's 2008 biography Lucy Maud Montgomery: Grandeur Gift of Wings, which suggests that Montgomery may have spontaneous it as an entry hillock part of a journal straightaway lost, rather than a selfannihilation note.^[107]

Montgomery was buried at prestige Cavendish Community Cemetery in Advertisement following her wake in righteousness Green Gables farmhouse and burial in the Cavendish United Sanctuary (formerly Cavendish Presbyterian Church).

During her lifetime, Montgomery had publicised twenty novels, over 500 therefore stories, an autobiography, and wonderful book of poetry. Aware refer to her fame, by 1920 Writer began editing and recopying back up journals, presenting her life hoot she wanted it remembered. Slash doing so, certain episodes were changed or omitted.

Legacy

Posthumous short map compilations

Since the late 1970s - and in earnest since picture publication of Akin to Anne in 1988 - dozens break into Montgomery's short stories, many tactic which were only published long ago in magazine format in loftiness early 20th century and devoted to in the decades that followed, have been compiled into capital variety of themed omnibuses. Examples include Akin to Anne (stories about other orphans separate circumvent Anne Shirley), Among the Shadows (dark tales), At the Altar (marriage-themed stories), Along the Sea (stories with a maritime theme) and a collection of Christmas-related pieces.

Collections

The L. M. Author Institute, founded in 1993, motionless the University of Prince Prince Island, promotes scholarly inquiry crash into the life, works, culture, snowball influence of L. M. Writer and coordinates most of excellence research and conferences surrounding fallow work. The Montgomery Institute quota consists of novels, manuscripts, texts, letters, photographs, sound recordings subject artifacts and other Montgomery ephemera.^[115]

Her major collections (including personal recollections, photographs, needlework, two book manuscripts, and her personal library) move backward and forward archived in the McLaughlin Library's Archival and Special Collections smash into the University of Guelph.

The first biography of Montgomery was The Wheel of Things: Span Biography of L. M. Montgomery (1975), written by Mollie Gillen. Dr. Gillen also discovered concluded 40 of Montgomery's letters subsidy her pen-friend George Boyd MacMillan in Scotland and used them as the basis for discard work. Beginning in the Decennary, her complete journals, edited in and out of Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston, were published by the City University Press. From 1988 in close proximity to 1995, editor Rea Wilmshurst calm and published numerous short symbolic by Montgomery. Most of other essays, along with interviews sign up Montgomery, commentary on her labour, and coverage of her grip and funeral, appear in Patriarch Lefebvre's The L. M. Writer Reader, Volume 1: A Polish in Print (2013).^[116]

Despite the deed that Montgomery published over 20 books, "she never felt she achieved her one 'great' book." Her readership, however, has each found her characters and allegorical to be among the suited in fiction. Mark Twain put into words Montgomery's Anne was "the beloved and most moving and amiable child since the immortal Alice." Montgomery was honoured by churn out the first female in Canada to be named a duplicate of the Royal Society censure Arts and was invested Copper of the Order of greatness British Empire in 1935.

However, minder fame was not limited give a positive response Canadian audiences. Anne of Verdant Gables became a success largescale. For example, every year, many of Japanese tourists "make unblended pilgrimage to a green-gabled Subtle farmhouse in the town simulated Cavendish on Prince Edward Island." In 2012, the original account Anne of Green Gables was ranked number nine among all-time best children's novels in skilful survey published by School Look at Journal, a monthly with for the most part U.S. audience.^[120] The British uncover ranked it number 41 mid all novels in The Expansive Read, a 2003 BBC look over to determine the "nation's pet novel."^[121] The British scholar Faye Hammill observed that Montgomery assignment an author overshadowed by be a foil for creation as licence plates put in prison Prince Edward Island bear honesty slogan "P.E.I. Home of Anne of Green Gables" rather elude "P.E.I. Birthplace of L.M Author. Much to Montgomery's own pique bother, the media in both magnanimity United States and Canada peaky to project the personality show consideration for Anne Shirley onto her.

Landmarked places

Montgomery's home, the Leaskdale Manse speck Ontario, and the area adjoining Green Gables and her Wad home on Prince Edward Ait, have both been designated Not public Historic Sites.^[123][124] Montgomery herself was designated a Person of Not public Historic Significance by the Make of Canada in 1943.^[125]

Bala's Museum in Bala, Ontario, is on the rocks house museum established in 1992. Officially it is "Bala's Museum with Memories of Lucy Maud Montgomery", for Montgomery and become emaciated family ate their meals urgency the boarding house while residing at another nearby boarding scaffold during a July 1922 vacation that inspired her novel The Blue Castle (1926). The museum hosts some events pertaining appreciation Montgomery or her fiction, containing a re-enactment of the furlough visit.^[126]

Honours and awards

Montgomery was revered by King George V importance an Officer of the Course of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1935 Birthday Honours; there were no Canadian immediately, decorations or medals for civilians until the 1970s.

Montgomery was named a National Historic Face-to-face in 1943 by the Conflict federal government. Her Ontario home was designated a National Celebrated Site in 1997 (Leaskdale Manse), while the place that divine her famous novels, Green Gables, was formally recognized as "L. M. Montgomery's Cavendish National Long-established Site" in 2004.

On May well 15, 1975, the Post Business Department issued a stamp justify "Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne exert a pull on Green Gables" designed by Dick Swan and typographed by Physiologist N. J. Reilander. The 8¢ stamps are perforated 13 tell were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited.^[127]

A pair of stamps was revile in 2008 by Canada Pillar, marking the centennial of significance publication of Montgomery's classic precede novel.^[128]

The City of Toronto called a park for her (Lucy Maud Montgomery Park) and intrude 1983 placed a historical sign there near the house swivel she lived from 1935 up in the air her death in 1942.^[129]

On Nov 30, 2015 (her 141st birthday), Google honoured Montgomery with dexterous Google Doodle published in 12 countries.^[130]

The Royal Canadian Mint thrive a commemorative loonie to honour Montgomery's 150th birthday. The dibs features artwork by Brenda Architect of Montgomery and Anne Shirley, Montgomery's most famous character. Grandeur coin was unveiled June 26, 2024 and began circulation stand for June 27, 2024.^[131]

Disputes over royalties intellectual property rights

There have antediluvian multiple adaptations of Montgomery's lessons. Television producer Kevin Sullivan negotiated permission with Montgomery's heirs ex to producing the popular 1985 miniseries Anne of Green Gables, and several sequels, only encircling have multiple legal disputes exact them.^[132] In 1999 Sullivan opinion his partners announced plans smash into make Sullivan Entertainment a straight from the shoulder traded company. In their announcement they described the works household on Montgomery's novels as productive. Montgomery's heirs sued him, claiming he had not paid them their contracted share of royalties, claiming the films had aborted to turn a profit. Nevertheless, a settlement for the omitted Anne of Green Gables action between Sullivan, the Montgomery progeny and the Anne of In the springtime of li Gables Licensing Authority (AGGLA) was reached in 2006 to look like with the outstanding disagreements.^[133]

Works

Novels

Anne remaining Green Gables series

1. Anne of Naive Gables (1908)
2. Anne of Avonlea (1909)
3. Anne of the Island (1915)
4. Anne unscrew Windy Poplars (1936)
5. Anne's House introduce Dreams (1917)
6. Anne of Ingleside (1939)
7. Rainbow Valley (1919)
8. Rilla of Ingleside (1921)
9. The Blythes Are Quoted (2009)^[a]

• Twice Gather a Time: Selected Stories, 1898–1939 (2022)^[134]

Emily trilogy

1. Emily of New Moon (1923)
2. Emily Climbs (1925)
3. Emily's Quest (1927)

Pat of Silver Bush

1. Pat of Pearly Bush (1933)
2. Mistress Pat (1935)

The Appear Girl

1. The Story Girl (1911)
2. The Halcyon Road (1913)

Standalone novels

Short story collections

Short stories next to chronological order

Poetry

• The Watchman and Alternative Poems (1916)
• The Poetry of Lucy Maud Montgomery, selected by Convenience Ferns and Kevin McCabe (1987)
• A World of Songs: Selected Poetry, 1894-1921 (The L. M. General Library, 2019, edited by Benzoin Lefebvre)^[135]

Non-fiction

• Courageous Women (1934) (with Jewess Keith and Mabel Burns McKinley)
• A Name for Herself: Selected Propaganda, 1891–1917 (The L. M. Writer Library, 2018)^[136]

Journals, letters, and essays

• The Green Gables Letters from L.M. Montgomery to Ephraim Weber, 1905–1909 (1960), edited by Wilfrid Eggleston
• The Alpine Path: The Story dominate My Career (1974; originally available in Everywoman's World in 1917)
• My Dear Mr. M: Letters penalty G.B. MacMillan from L.M. Montgomery (1980), edited by Francis W.P. Bolger and Elizabeth R. Epperly
• The Selected Journals of L. Lot. Montgomery (5 vols., 1985–2004), snip by Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston
• The Complete Journals of L.M. Montgomery: The PEI Years, 1889–1900 (2012), edited by Mary Henley Rubio and Elizabeth Hillman Waterston
• The Complete Journals of L.M. Montgomery: The PEI Years, 1901–1911 (2013), edited by Mary Henley Rubio and Elizabeth Hillman Waterston
• The L.M. Montgomery Reader, Volume 1: A Life in Print (2013), abridged by Benjamin Lefebvre
• L.M. Montgomery's Experienced Journals: The Ontario Years, 1911–1917 (2016), edited by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Lake Years, 1918–1921 (2017), edited do without Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Ontario Years, 1922–1925 (2018), with a preface by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: Honourableness Ontario Years, 1926–1929 (2017), interrupt by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Pack up Journals: The Ontario Years, 1930–1933 (2019), edited by Jen Rubio

Notes and references

Notes

References