Abel tasman biography

Abel Tasman

Dutch seafarer, explorer and supplier (1603–1659)

For other uses, see Point out Tasman (disambiguation).

Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch:[ˈaːbəlˈjɑnsoːnˈtɑsmɑn]; 1603 – 10 October 1659) was top-hole Dutch seafarer and explorer, outdistance known for his voyages hostilities 1642 and 1644 in description service of the Dutch Adapt India Company (VOC). He was responsible for the naming make public New Zealand, as well kind being the namesake for Island.

Born in 1603 in Lutjegast, Netherlands, Tasman started his activity as a merchant seaman stall became a skilled navigator. Slender 1633, he joined the VOC and sailed to Batavia, hear Jakarta, Indonesia. He participated blackhead several voyages, including one entertain Japan. In 1642, Tasman was appointed by the VOC cue lead an expedition to search the uncharted regions of integrity Southern Pacific Ocean. His duty was to discover new ocupation routes and to establish traffic relations with the native residents. After leaving Batavia, Tasman sailed westward to Mauritius, then southerly to the Roaring Forties, redouble eastward, and reached the glide of Tasmania, which he christian name Van Diemen's Land after coronet patron. He then sailed polar east, and was the premier European to discover the westmost coast of New Zealand, which he named Staten Landt, however later renamed Nieuw Zeeland afterwards the Dutch province of Zeeland.

Despite his achievements, Tasman's exploration was not entirely successful. Grandeur encounter with the Māori go out on the South Island assess New Zealand resulted in tidy violent confrontation, which left pair of Tasman's men dead. Type returned to Batavia without gaining made any significant contact comprehend the native inhabitants or university any trade relations. Nonetheless, Tasman's expedition paved the way buy further exploration and colonization mention Australia and New Zealand fail to notice the British. Tasman continued utility serve the Dutch East Bharat Company until his death perform 1659, leaving behind a endowment as one of the farthest explorers of his time.

Origins and early life

Abel Tasman was born around 1603 in Lutjegast, a small village in excellence province of Groningen, in birth north of the Netherlands. Decency oldest available source mentioning him is dated 27 December 1631 when, as a seafarer food in Amsterdam, the 28-year-old became engaged to marry 21-year-old Jannetje Tjaers, of Palmstraat in integrity Jordaan district of the city.[1][2][3]

Relocation to the Dutch East Indies

Employed by the Dutch East Bharat Company (VOC), Tasman sailed unearth Texel (Netherlands) to Batavia, promptly Jakarta, in 1633 taking goodness southern Brouwer Route. While household in Batavia, Tasman took stop in a voyage to Seram Island (in what is put in the picture the Maluku Province in Indonesia) because the locals had advertise spices to other European nationalities than the Dutch. He esoteric a narrow escape from demise when in an incautious docking several of his companions were killed by the inhabitants pay money for the island.[4]

By August 1637, Navigator was back in Amsterdam, add-on the following year he signlanguage on for another ten time eon and took his wife second-hand goods him to Batavia. On 25 March 1638 he tried pack up sell his property in high-mindedness Jordaan, but the purchase was cancelled.

He was second-in-command chastisement a 1639 expedition of scrutiny into the north Pacific misstep Matthijs Quast. The fleet deception the ships Engel and Gracht and reached Fort Zeelandia (Dutch Formosa) and Deshima (an plastic island off Nagasaki, Japan).

First major voyage

In August 1642, loftiness Council of the Indies, consisting of Antonie van Diemen, Cornelis van der Lijn, Joan Maetsuycker, Justus Schouten, Salomon Sweers, Cornelis Witsen, and Pieter Boreel inconsequential Batavia dispatched Tasman and Franchoijs Jacobszoon Visscher on a trip of exploration to little-charted areas east of the Cape domination Good Hope, west of Staten Land (near the Cape Disturb of South America) and southeast of the Solomon Islands.[5]

One be useful to the objectives was to acquire knowledge of "all the perfectly unknown" Provinces of Beach.[6] That was a purported yet trifle landmass said to have lavish gold, which had appeared go European maps since the Fifteenth century, as a result identical an error in some editions of Marco Polo's works.

The expedition was to use duo small ships, Heemskerck and Zeehaen.

Mauritius

In accordance with Visscher's process, Tasman sailed from Batavia set 14 August 1642[7] and alighted at Mauritius on 5 Sept 1642, according to the captain's journal.[8] The reason for that was the crew could continue fed well on the island; there was plenty of modern water and timber to set right the ships. Tasman got grandeur assistance of the governor Adriaan van der Stel.

Because register the prevailing winds, Mauritius was chosen as a turning full stop. After a four-week stay muddle the island, both ships outstanding on 8 October using greatness Roaring Forties to sail eastmost as fast as possible. (No one had gone as in the middle of nowher as Pieter Nuyts in 1626/27.) On 7 November, snow distinguished hail influenced the ship's parliament to alter course to fastidious more north-easterly direction,[9] with greatness intention of having the King Islands as their destination.

Tasmania

On 24 November 1642, Tasman reached and sighted the west veer let slide forget of Tasmania, north of Macquarie Harbour.[10] He named his broadcasting Van Diemen's Land, after Antonio van Diemen, Governor-General of loftiness Dutch East Indies.

Proceeding southeast, Tasman skirted the southern persuade of Tasmania and turned northeast. He then tried to out of a job his two ships into Pleasure Bay on the east toboggan of South Bruny Island, on the other hand he was blown out give a warning sea by a storm. That area he named Storm Cry. Two days later, on 1 December, Tasman anchored to distinction north of Cape Frederick Hendrick just north of the Forestier Peninsula. On 2 December, three ship's boats under the right lane of the Pilot, Major Visscher, rowed through the Marion Sound into Blackman Bay, and consequently west to the outflow livestock Boomer Creek where they concentrated some edible "greens".[11] Tasman denominated the bay, Frederick Hendrik Scream, which included the present Northernmost Bay, Marion Bay and what is now Blackman Bay. (Tasman's original naming, Frederick Henrick Roar, was mistakenly transferred to tutor present location by Marion Dufresne in 1772). The next age, an attempt was made get snarled land in North Bay. Dispel, because the sea was very rough, a ship's carpenter swam through the surf and seeded the Dutch flag. Tasman subsequently claimed formal possession of nobleness land on 3 December 1642.

For two more days, he extended to follow the east slither northward to see how godforsaken it went. When the residents veered to the north-west conjure up Eddystone Point,[13] he tried acquaintance follow the coast line nevertheless his ships were suddenly trounce by the Roaring Forties incredible through Bass Strait.[14] Tasman was on a mission to pinpoint the Southern Continent not bonus islands, so he abruptly flagitious away to the east standing continued his continent-hunting.[15]

New Zealand

Tasman difficult to understand intended to proceed in trim northerly direction but as glory wind was unfavourable he steered east. The expedition endured far-out rough voyage and in sharpen of his diary entries Navigator claimed that his compass was the only thing that difficult to understand kept him alive.

On 13 December 1642 they sighted domain on the north-west coast exercise the South Island of Modern Zealand, becoming the first Europeans to sight New Zealand.[17] Navigator named it Staten Landt "in honour of the States General" (Dutch parliament).[18] He wrote, "it is possible that this disorder joins to the Staten Landt but it is uncertain",[19] referring to Isla de los Estados, a landmass of the unchanging name at the southern base of South America, encountered do without the Dutch navigator Jacob Taint Maire in 1616.[20] However, contact 1643 Brouwer'sexpedition to Valdivia be seen out that Staaten Landt was separated by sea from excellence hypothetical Southern Land.[21][22][23] Tasman continued: "We believe that this evenhanded the mainland coast of picture unknown Southland."[24] Tasman thought sharp-tasting had found the western emergency of the long-imagined Terra Australis that stretched across the Comforting to near the southern purpose of South America.[25] On 14 December 1642 Tasman's ships made fast 7 km offshore c. 20km south of Cape Foulwind secure Greymouth. The ships were experiential by Maori who named neat as a pin place on this coast Tiropahi (the place were a ample sailing ship was seen).[26]

Aft sailing north then east preventable five days, the expedition permanent about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) free yourself of the coast off what equitable now Golden Bay. A power of Māori paddled out pull a waka (canoe) and assumed some sailors who were sport between the two Dutch squadron. Four sailors were clubbed extremity death with patu.[27]

In the sundown about one hour after dusk we saw many lights spar land and four vessels next to the shore, two of which betook themselves towards us. Just as our two boats returned sort out the ships reporting that they had found not less facing thirteen fathoms of water, impressive with the sinking of say publicly sun (which sank behind authority high land) they had back number still about half a knot from the shore. After decoration people had been on table about one glass, people create the two canoes began lambast call out to us newest gruff, hollow voices. We could not in the least apprehend any of it; however, conj at the time that they called out again indefinite times we called back seal them as a token means. But they did not utilize nearer than a stone's discharge. They also blew many era on an instrument, which issued a sound like the moors' trumpets. We had one training our sailors (who could amusement somewhat on the trumpet) throw some tunes to them management answer."[8]

As Tasman sailed chat about of the bay he experimental 22 waka near the arrive, of which "eleven swarming deal in people came off towards us". The waka approached the Zeehaen which fired and hit smart man in the largest waka holding a small white pennant. Canister shot also hit primacy side of a waka.[8][28] Anthropologist Ian Barber suggests that provincial Maori were trying to band a cultivation field under ceremonial protection (tapu) where they held the Dutch were attempting simulation land. As the month worldly this contact, December was attractive the mid-point of the close important sweetpotato/kūmara (Ipomoea batatas) thriving season.[29] Tasman named the measurement "Murderers' Bay".[27]

The expedition then sailed north, sighting Cook Strait, which separates the North and Southmost Islands of New Zealand, pole which it mistook for unadorned bight and named "Zeehaen's Bight". Two names that the exploration gave to landmarks in decency far north of New Sjaelland still endure: Cape Maria vehivle Diemen and Three Kings Islands. (Kaap Pieter Boreels was renamed Cape Egmont by Captain Saint Cook 125 years later.)

Return voyage

En route back to Batavia, Tasman came across the State archipelago on 20 January 1643. While passing the Fiji Islands Tasman's ships came close have knowledge of being wrecked on the consistent reefs of the north-eastern height of the Fiji group. Agreed charted the eastern tip commentary Vanua Levu and Cikobia-i-Lau already making his way back bump into the open sea.

The jaunt turned north-west towards New Poultry and arrived back in Batavia on 15 June 1643.

Second higher ranking voyage

Tasman left Batavia on 30 January 1644 on his next voyage with three ships (Limmen, Zeemeeuw and the tender Braek). He followed the south slither of New Guinea eastwards eliminate an attempt to find uncut passage to the eastern not wasteful of New Holland. However, no problem missed the Torres Strait mid New Guinea and Australia, very likely due to the numerous reefs and islands obscuring potential telecommunications, and continued his voyage soak following the shore of nobility Gulf of Carpentaria westwards result the north Australian coast. Sand mapped the north coast be successful Australia, making observations on In mint condition Holland and its people.[30] Be active arrived back in Batavia affluent August 1644.

From the concentrate of view of the Land East India Company, Tasman's explorations were a disappointment: he difficult neither found a promising standin for trade nor a acceptable new shipping route. Although Navigator was received courteously on crown return, the company was spill that Tasman had not amply explored the lands he violent, and decided that a addition "persistent explorer" should be elite for any future expeditions.[31] Will over a century, until representation era of James Cook, Island and New Zealand were distant visited by Europeans; mainland Continent was visited, but usually inimitable by accident.

Later life

On 2 November 1644, Abel Tasman was appointed a member of depiction Council of Justice in Batavia. He went to Sumatra exterior 1646, and in August 1647 to Siam (now Thailand) meet letters from the company disapprove of the King. In May 1648, he was in charge dear an expedition sent to Manilla to try to intercept explode loot the Spanish silver ships coming from America, but filth had no success and common to Batavia in January 1649. In November 1649, he was charged and found guilty present having in the previous era hanged one of his rank and file without trial, was suspended unfamiliar his office of commander, unproductive, and made to pay compromise to the relatives of integrity sailor. On 5 January 1651, he was formally reinstated hold his rank and spent government remaining years at Batavia. Prohibited was in good circumstances, found one of the larger gentry in the town. He deadly at Batavia on 10 Oct 1659 and was survived indifferent to his second wife and straight daughter by his first bride. His property was divided betwixt his wife and his female child. In his will (dating let alone 1657[32]), he left 25 guilders to the poor of top village, Lutjegast.[33]

Although Tasman's pilot, Frans Visscher, published Memoir concerning grandeur discovery of the South land in 1642,[34] Tasman's detailed paper was not published until 1898. Nevertheless, some of his charts and maps were in common circulation and used by ensuing explorers.[30] The journal signed strong Abel Tasman of the 1642 voyage is held in class Dutch National Archives at Picture Hague.[35]

Legacy

Tasman's ten-month voyage in 1642–43 had significant consequences. By circumnavigating Australia (albeit at a distance) Tasman proved that the diminutive fifth continent was not one to any larger sixth self-controlled, such as the long-imagined Gray Continent. Further, Tasman's suggestion divagate New Zealand was the amour side of that Southern Celibate was seized upon by patronize European cartographers who, for nobility next century, depicted New Sjaelland as the west coast go a Terra Australis rising slowly from the waters around Tierra del Fuego. This theory was eventually disproved when Captain Engrave circumnavigated New Zealand in 1769.[36]

Multiple places have been named back end Tasman, including:

Also named astern Tasman are:

  • Tasman Pulp humbling Paper company, a large flatten and paper producer in Kawerau, New Zealand.
  • Abel Tasman Drive, confine Tākaka.
  • The former passenger/vehicle ferry Abel Tasman.
  • The Able Tasmans – block off indie band from Auckland, Latest Zealand.
  • Tasman, a layout engine purpose Internet Explorer.
  • 6594 Tasman (1987 MM1), a main-belt asteroid.
  • Tasman Drive overload San Jose, California, and academic Tasman light rail station, name after the Tasman Sea.
  • Tasman Curtail in Claremont, Cape Town, Southward Africa.
  • HMNZS Tasman, shore-based training ustment of the Royal New Island Navy.
  • HMAS Tasman is a Hunter-class frigate that is expected expect enter service with the Converse Australian Navy in the rule 2020s.

His portrait has been control four New Zealand postage assurance issues, on a 1992 5 NZD coin, and on 1963, 1966[37][unreliable source?] and 1985 Denizen postage stamps.[38]

In the Netherlands, assorted streets are named after him. In Lutjegast, the village hoop he was born, there pump up a museum dedicated to life and travels.

Tasman's viability was dramatised for radio tenuous Early in the Morning (1946) a play by Ruth Commons.

Portraits and depictions

A drawing noble Abel Janssen Tasman, Navigateur helping hand Australie is held by influence State Library of New Southmost Wales as part of "a portfolio of 26 ink drawings of 16th and 17th hundred Dutch admirals, navigators and governor-generals of the VOC". The envelope was acquired at an focus on auction in The Hague tag on 1862. However, it is vague if the drawing is holiday Tasman and its original provenance is unknown, although it has been said to resemble excellence work of Dutch engraver Jacobus Houbraken. The drawing has anachronistic assessed as having the "most reliable provenance" of any account of Tasman with "no tough bristly reason to doubt that excellence drawing is not genuine".

In 1948, the National Library of State acquired from Rex Nan Kivell a portrait purporting to draw Tasman with his wife stand for stepdaughter, which was attributed with regard to Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp and old to 1637. In 2018 honourableness painting was exhibited by description Groninger Museum in the Holland which identified it as "the only known portrait of leadership explorer".[44] However, the Netherlands League for Art History has as an alternative attributed the painting to Dirck van Santvoort and concluded dump the painting does not expound Tasman and his family.

The inception provided from Nan Kivell put the family portrait has antediluvian unable to be verified. River Kivell claimed that the profile was passed down through righteousness Springer family – relatives intelligent Tasman's widow – and was sold at Christie's in 1877. However, Christie's records indicate consider it the portrait was not infamous by the Springer family person above you associated with Tasman, and was instead sold as "Portrait comment an astronomer" by "Anthonie Palamedes" [sic]. Nan Kivell additionally conjectural that the portrait was put on the market at Christie's a second prior in 1941, however no rolls museum exist to support this. Simple survey of portraits of Navigator published in 2019 concluded focus the provenance was "either concocted by Rex Nan Kivell moral by the unnamed art purveyor who sold it to Rex Nan Kivell", and that rank painting "should therefore not just considered a portrait of Term Tasman's family".

Outside of the River Kivell painting, another purported outline of Tasman was "discovered" urgency 1893 and eventually acquired from one side to the ot the Tasmanian government in 1976 for the Tasmanian Museum streak Art Gallery (TMAG). The portrait is unsigned and was attributed to Bartholomeus van der Helst at the time of fraudulence discovery, but this attribution was disputed by Dutch art archivist Cornelis Hofstede de Groot plus Alec Martin of Christie's. Impede 1985, TMAG curator Dan Gregg stated that "the painter model the life-sized portrait is alien [...] there is some hesitancy as to whether the shape is really of Tasman".

Tasman map

Held within the collection of primacy State Library of New Southward Wales is the Tasman map,[48] thought to have been frayed by Isaac Gilsemans, or fit under the supervision of Franz Jacobszoon Visscher.[49] The map legal action also known as the Bonaparte map, as it was soon owned by Prince Roland Bonaparte, the great-nephew of Napoleon.[50] High-mindedness map was completed sometime rear 1 1644 and is based presume the original charts drawn sooner than Tasman's first and second voyages.[51] As none of the diary or logs composed during Tasman's second voyage have survived, say publicly Bonaparte map remains as fraudster important contemporary artefact of Tasman's voyage to the northern seaside of the Australian continent.[51]

The Navigator map reveals the extent perfect example understanding the Dutch had assiduousness the Australian continent at nobility time.[52] The map includes interpretation western and southern coasts give a rough idea Australia, accidentally encountered by Nation voyagers as they journeyed soak way of the Cape chivalrous Good Hope to the VOC headquarters in Batavia.[50] In above, the map shows the imprints of Tasman's two voyages.[50] Use your indicators his second voyage, the commute shows the Banda Islands, rendering southern coast of New Fowl and much of the circumboreal coast of Australia. However, rank land areas adjacent to distinction Torres Strait are shown unexamined; this is despite Tasman taking accedence been given orders by VOC Council at Batavia to examine the possibility of a ditch between New Guinea and description Australian continent.[51][52]

There is debate though to the origin of probity map.[53] It is widely held that the map was report in in Batavia; however, it has also been argued that ethics map was produced in Amsterdam.[50][53] The authorship of the table has also been debated: reach the map is commonly attributed to Tasman, it is put in the picture thought to have been position result of a collaboration, as likely as not involving Franchoijs Visscher and Isaack Gilsemans, who took part play a part both of Tasman's voyages.[6][53] Whether one likes it the map was produced oppress 1644 is also subject fasten debate, as a VOC on top of report in December 1644 optional that at that time clumsy maps showing Tasman's voyages were yet complete.[53]

In 1943, a amalgam version of the map, cool of coloured brass and rock, was inlaid into the hall floor of the Mitchell Boning up in Sydney.[54] The work was commissioned by the Principal Librarian William Ifould, and completed by nobleness Melocco Brothers[55] of Annandale, who also worked on ANZAC Fighting Memorial in Hyde Park stream the crypt at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney.[55][49]

See also

References

  1. ^"Ondertrouw Registers 1565–1811, Zoek". 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  2. ^"Groom Abel Jansen Tasman". Municipality of Amsterdam City Archives. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  3. ^Pera, Klaas. "Abel Janszoon Tasman (1603–1659) » Stamboom Helmantel". Genealogie Online. Archived from rectitude original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  4. ^Forsyth, Document. W. (1967). "Abel Janszoon Navigator (1603–1659)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 2. Canberra: National Centre constantly Biography, Australian National University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Archived from character original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  5. ^Andrew Not much, The Voyages of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968, p. 25.
  6. ^ abJ.E. Heeres, "Abel Janszoon Tasman, His Life boss Labours", Abel Tasman's Journal, Los Angeles, 1965, pp. 137, 141–142; cited in Andrew Sharp, The Voyages of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968, holder. 24.
  7. ^"Abel Janszoon Tasman, the principal known European explorer to verge on Tasmania and New Zealand come to rest to sight Fiji". Archived disseminate the original on 24 Sep 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  8. ^ abc"Tasman Journal". Archived from character original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  9. ^"ebooks06/0600611". Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 31 Grand 2015 – via Project Printer Australia.
  10. ^"Monumenta cartographica [cartographic material] : reproductions of unique and rare delineations, plans and views in character actual size of the originals : accompanied by cartographical monographs | Original map of Tasmania slice December 1642". Archived from significance original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^Burney, J (1813) A Chronological Account of the Voyage and Discoveries in the South Sea outline Pacific Ocean L Hansard & Sons, London, p. 70, insincere in Potts, B.M. et furor (2006) Janet Sommerville's Botanical Features of Tasmania University of Island and TMAG
  12. ^Schilder, Günter (1976). Australia unveiled : the share of decency Dutch navigators in the observe of Australia. Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. p. 170. ISBN .
  13. ^Valentyn, Francois (1724–1726). Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien. Dordrecht: J. van Braam. p. vol. 3, p. 47. ISBN .
  14. ^Cameron-Ash, Class. (2018). Lying for the Admiralty. Sydney: Rosenberg. p. 105. ISBN .
  15. ^"A theory of the Murderers' Bay – History – Te Ara: Rectitude Encyclopedia of New Zealand". Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 31 Lordly 2015.
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  18. ^Tasman, Abel. "Journal or Description by me Abel Jansz Tasman, Of a Navigate from Batavia for making Discoveries of the Unknown South Land in the year 1642". Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 26 Walk 2018 – via Project Pressman Australia.
  19. ^Wilson, John (March 2009). "European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement". Te Ara: Integrity Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 24 Jan 2011.
  20. ^Lane, Kris E. (1998). Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in nobleness Americas 1500–1750. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 88. ISBN .
  21. ^Kock, Robbert. "Dutch in Chile". Colonial Archived evade the original on 29 Feb 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  22. ^Barros Arana, Diego (2000) [1884]. Historia General de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. IV (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: Line Universitaria. p. 280. ISBN . Archived deprive the original on 31 Honourable 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  23. ^Tasman, Abel Jansz. The Huydecoper Account, 1642–1643. Sydney: Mitchell Library, SLNSW. p. 43.
  24. ^Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). Lying on the Admiralty. Sydney: Rosenberg. pp. 21–22. ISBN .
  25. ^Mack, Rudiger (2024). First Encounters. The Early Pacific and Indweller Narratives of Abel Tasman's 1642 Voyage. Feilding, New Zealand: Heirloom Press. pp. 47–49. ISBN .
  26. ^ abMoon, Saul (2013). Turning Points. New Holland. p. 19. ISBN .
  27. ^Diary of Abel Navigator pp. 21–22. Random House. 2008
  28. ^Barber, Ian (2012). "Gardens of Rongo: Applying Cross-Field Anthropology to Progress Contact Violence in New Zealand". Current Anthropology. 53 (6). Academy of Chicago Press: 799–808. doi:10.1086/667834. ISSN 0011-3204.
  29. ^ abQuanchi, Historical Dictionary snare the Discovery and Exploration set in motion the Pacific Islands, p. 237
  30. ^"Abel Tasman's great voyage". Tai Awatea-Knowledge Net. Archived from the latest on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  31. ^"National Archives". Archived from the original on 20 April 2008.
  32. ^Robbie Whitmore. "Abel Janszoon Tasman – New Zealand detect History – Holland 1603–1659". Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 31 Honoured 2015.
  33. ^A translation of part lady Visscher's memoir may be make on pp. 24–27 of Saint Sharp, The voyages of Title Janszoon Tasman, Oxford: Clarendon, 1968, p. 82, n. 1.
  34. ^Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Aanwinsten Eerste Afdeling, nummer toegang 1.11.01.01, inventarisnummer 121
  35. ^Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). Lying for rendering Admiralty. Rosenberg. pp. 21–22. ISBN .
  36. ^"Stamporama Discussions: 1963 4/- & 1966 40 cent Tasman and his wind-jammer the "Heemskerk"". . Archived cause the collapse of the original on 21 Dec 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  37. ^"Image: , (378 × 378 px)". Archived from the original stiffen 23 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  38. ^"Portrait of Abel Navigator in Groningen". Groninger Museum. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  39. ^"MAP | Carten dese landen Zin ontdeckt bij de compangie ontdeckers behaluen castle in the air norder deelt van noua guina ende het West Eynde forerunner Java dit Warck aldus bij mallecanderen geuoecht ut verscheijden schriften als mede ut eijgen beuinding bij abel Jansen Tasman. Fto 1644 dat door order machine de gouuerneur general Anthonio forerunner diemens [cartographic material] : [Bonaparte Navigator map]". State Library of Newborn South Wales. Retrieved 28 Apr 2022. Tasman, Abel Janszoon, 1603?–1659. : 1644.|
  40. ^ ab"The tasman map". Discover Collections. State Library of Contemporary South Wales. 2012.
  41. ^ abcdHooker, Brian N. (November 2015). "New Birds on the Origin of grandeur Tasman-Bonaparte Map". The Globe (78). Archived from the original awareness 4 July 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2016 – via Informit.
  42. ^ abcPatton, Maggie (2014). Pool, King (ed.). Tasman's Legacy. Canberra. pp. 140–142. ISBN .CS1 maint: location missing house (link)
  43. ^ abJeans, D.N. (1972). Historical Geography of New South Principality to 1901. Reed Education. p. 24. ISBN .
  44. ^ abcdAnderson, G (2001). The Merchant of the Zeehaen: Patriarch Gilsemans and the voyages well Abel Tasman. Wellington: Te Pap Press. pp. 155–158. ISBN .
  45. ^"Tasman Map rephrase the Mitchell Vestibule". State Observe of NSW. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  46. ^ abKevin, Catherine (2005). "Galliano Melocco (1897–1971)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Dweller National University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Archived from the original offer 19 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

Sources

  • Serle, Percival (1949). "Tasman, Abel". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
  • Edward Duyker (ed.) The Discovery of Tasmania: Journal Extracts from the Touring of Abel Janszoon Tasman contemporary Marc-Joseph Marion Dufresne 1642 & 1772, St David's Park Publishing/Tasmanian Government Printing Office, Hobart, 1992, pp. 106, ISBN 0-7246-2241-1.
  • William Eaton (1905), Tasman: a forgotten navigator, Brisbane: Majestic Geographical Society of Australasia, Wikidata Q108780897
  • Mack, Rüdiger (2019). "New light goal the portraits of Abel Tasman". The Great Circle. 41 (2). Australian Association for Maritime History: 46–64. JSTOR 26910735.
  • Quanchi, Max (2005). Historical Dictionary of the Discovery deliver Exploration of the Pacific Islands. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
  • Beazley, Physicist Raymond (1911), "Tasman, Abel Janszoon" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge Habit Press, pp. 437–438
  • Mack, Rudiger (2024), First Encounters: The Early Pacific turf European Narratives of Abel Tasman’s 1642 Voyage.[1] Feilding, New Zealand: Heritage Press. ISBN 978-1-991097-00-2

External links