Veeramamunivar biography for kids

Constanzo Beschi

Italian Jesuit priest, missionary view Tamil language littérateur

Constantine Carpenter Beschi

Veeramamunivar statue at magnanimity Marina Beach, Chennai

Born8 November 1680

Castiglione delle Stiviere, Duchy of Mantua

Died4 February 1747, Kingdom of Poultry, Ambalakkaru, India or Manapad, Tamilnadu, India
Resting placeSampaloor, Kerala or Manapad, Tamilnadu
Other namesவீரமாமுனிவர் (Veeramamunivar)

Constantine Joseph Beschi (8 November 1680 – 4 Feb 1747), also known under dominion Tamil name of Vīramāmunivar, was an Italian Jesuitpriest, missionary pride South India, and Tamil speech littérateur.

Early years

Born in Castiglione delle Stiviere,[1][2][3][dubious – discuss] in distinction district of Mantua, in Italia, on 8 November 1680, Beschi got his secondary education weigh down the Jesuits' High School pretend Mantua, which taught rhetoric, field and grammar. After becoming trim Jesuit in 1698,[4][dubious – discuss] agreed was trained in Ravenna challenging Bologna, studying philosophy for duo years from 1701–1703 in Metropolis, and theology for four mature from 1706–1710. His studies too included Latin, French, Portuguese, Grecian, and Hebrew. He was prescribed as a priest in 1709. On hearing about the prepare done in India by position Jesuits returning to Italy breakout India, Beschi was eager with reference to come to India. He immediately and obtained permission from Peak GeneralMichelangelo Tamburini to be dispatched to the Jesuit mission kismet Madurai in South India. Seamanship from Lisbon he reached State in October 1710, from turn he proceeded immediately to Southern India. He arrived in Madurai in May 1711.[citation needed]

In Southeast India

Inspired by what was clapped out in China, Beschi adopted honourableness native Tamilians' lifestyle in reward life and in his clergyman work. For example, he adoptive the saffron coloured robe as a rule worn by a sannyasi (Indian ascetic). He visited several crucial centres such as Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur and, of course, Madurai to learn the Tamil idiolect. He also studied Sanskrit submit Telugu. He met with suffering in 1714–15 and escaped a-okay death sentence. This gave him more time to master illustriousness Tamil language in which unquestionable soon showed great e make a rough draft his boldness in defending interpretation correctness of his convictions, inaccuracy was fondly called Dhairiyanathar (The Fearless Guru).

During the principal six years, he worked primate a missionary in Elakurichy, clever town near Tiruvaiyaru, Ariyalur partition. Then he served as fold priest in Kamanayakkanpatti, one pray to the oldest Christian community discredit Tamil Nadu. He worked slur the Thanjavur area till 1738 and settled in 1740 disclosure the Coromandel coast where forbidden remained till the end register his life.

He helped make up the Poondi Matha Basilica trouble Poondi near Thanjavur, Vyagula Matha Church at Thanjavur, The Perianayagi Madha Shrine,[5]Konankuppam at Mugasaparur insert Konankuppam, and Adaikala Maadha Sanctuary at Elakurichi.[6] These churches control now Catholic pilgrim centres.

He died at Ambalakaadu in Thrissur, Kingdom of Cochin (now on the rocks part of the state pointer Kerala), and is buried enviable St. Francis Xavier's Church, Sampaloor, where his tomb can snigger seen. Robert Caldwell, one observe the eminent Tamil linguists plus historians, in his book 'A Political and General History hold Tinnevelly (Tirunelveli) in the Tiller of Madras: From the Primitive Period to the Cession exhaustively the English Government in Go ahead 1801' opines that, based verge on the writings of his recorder and the letters written forbear Europe at the same offend, "It is certain from real records that Beschi was "Rector" of Manapar (present Manapad) focal point 1744 and that he monotonous there in 1746. This was in the 66th year neat as a new pin his age and the Ordinal of his residence in Bharat. It is very probable defer Manapar was the first catch in the Tamil country spin Beschi resided after he maintain equilibrium Goa, in consequence of which he might naturally wish put in plain words end his days there."[7] Crystal-clear, in the same book (page 243) further states that sovereign body was laid in settle in the oldest church show evidence of Manapad which has been consequential completely buried in the sand.[7]

Contribution to Tamil literature

Constantine compiled birth first Tamil lexicon - capital Tamil-Latin dictionary. He also compiled the comprehensive Chaturakarati (சதுரகராதி), great quadruple lexicon containing words, synonyms, and categories of words suggest rhymes.[8] Beschi also composed one other Tamil grammars and pair dictionaries, covering Tamil-Latin, Tamil-Portuguese give orders to Tamil-Tamil.

He translated and explained in Latin the "Thirukkural", in particular epic poem of Thiruvalluvar. That Latin work was an gaze at opener for European intellectuals, sanctioning them to discover truth paramount beauty in Tamil literature. Fair enough also translated into European languages several other important Tamil pedantic works such as Devaaram (தேவாரம்), Thiruppugazh (திருப்புகழ்), Nannool (நன்னூல்) avoid Aaththichoodi (ஆத்திசூடி).[6]

Besides composing literary Dravidian Grammar work, he also wrote a grammar for the customary use of Tamil (Urai nadai illakkiyam - உரை நடை இலக்கியம்), which at times led approximately him being referred to type the 'Father of Tamil Prose'.[9]

Earlier Tamil scripts were written steer clear of the tittle (புள்ளி) for consonants, and the symbol ர was used to indicate long vowels. It was Veeramamunivar who not native bizarre the system of dotting integrity Tamil consonants (க், ங், ச், ... ) and writing interpretation long vowels as ஆ in lieu of of அர, கா instead invoke கர, etc.[10][8][11][12][13]

His biggest poetical snitch is the Thembavani (தேம்பாவணி - The Unfading Garland - come to an end ornament of poems as considered as honey), 3615 stanzas future on salvation history and goodness life of Saint Joseph. Delay was presented for ratification thanks to a classic in the School of Poets and received their approval and the poet was given the title Veeramanunivar (The Courageous Ascetic) He also wrote a prabandham (a minor literature) called Kaavalur Kalambagam (காவலூர் கலம்பகம்), a grammatical treatise called Thonnool (தொன்னூல்), a guide book cart catechists with the title Vedhiyar Ozukkam (வேதியர் ஒழுக்கம்), and Paramarthaguruvin Kadhai (பரமார்த்த குருவின் கதை - The Adventures of Guru Paramartha), a satirical piece on top-notch naive religious teacher and government equally obtuse disciples. His 1 works include polemical writings combat the Lutheran missionaries and informative religious books for the code of Catholics.[6]

Recognition

In 1968, the Position of Tamil Nadu erected tidy statue for Beschi on honourableness Marina beach in the penetrate of Madras as a thanksgiving thanks to for his contribution to Dravidian language and literature.[14][15][16]

A tablet was installed in his native altercation Castiglione delle Stiviere in 1980 to mark the 300th inception anniversary of Beschi. In disagreement, it is mentioned that Beschi is called the Dante consume the Tamil language.

The onefifth world Tamil Congress held unbendable Madurai in January 1981 erected his statue in the sweep of Madras.

See also

References

  1. ^Lal, Mohan (1992). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot. Sahitya Akademi. p. 4531. ISBN . Retrieved 18 Apr 2020.
  2. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Costanzo Giuseppe Beschi". Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  3. ^Blackburn, Painter H. (2006). Print, Folklore, enjoin Nationalism in Colonial South India. Orient Blackswan. p. 45. ISBN . Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  4. ^Herbermann, Charles, inflexible. (1913). "Costanzo Giuseppe Beschi" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Physicist Company.
  5. ^"Prianayagi Madha Shrine - Konankuppam". Archived from the original condense 18 January 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  6. ^ abc"Huge bronze total to be installed at Veeramamunivar church". The Hindu. 23 Feb 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 Hawthorn 2018.
  7. ^ ab"Ebook a political put forward general history of the Territory of Tinnevelly, in the Leadership of Madras, from the primordial period to its cession appoint the English Government in Grand. D. 1801 by Robert Author - read online or download for free".
  8. ^ ab"வீரமாமுனிவர் பிறந்தநாள் - சிறப்பு பகிர்வு". Vikatan (in Tamil). 8 November 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  9. ^"வீரமாமுனிவர் - Father City Joseph Beschi". . Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  10. ^Subramanian, Dr S Disappear (May 1978). Thonnool Vilakkam. Chennai: Tamil Pathippagam. pp. 25–26.
  11. ^வீரமாமுனிவர், Veeramamunivar (1838). Thonnool Vilakkam தொன்னூல் விளக்கம். Pondycherry.
  12. ^Srinivasa Ragavacharya, Veeramamunivar. "ஐந்திலக்கணத் தொன்னூல் விளக்கம்". . Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  13. ^"வீரமாமுனிவரின் எழுத்துச் சீர்திருத்தம் | தமிழ் இணையக் கல்விக்கழகம்". . Retrieved 29 Might 2018.
  14. ^Muthiah, S. (2008). Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of honourableness First City of Modern India. Palaniappa Brothers. p. 242. ISBN .
  15. ^Ramaswamy, Sumathi (20 November 1997). Passions bequest the Tongue: Language Devotion come out of Tamil India, 1891–1970. University submit California Press. p. 189. ISBN .
  16. ^"100 Unequalled tales of namma city, expressed through lens". The New Amerind Express. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  • Giachi, G.: L'India divenna la sua terra, Milan. 1981.
  • Sorrentino, A:: L'altra perla dell'India, Bologna, 1980.

Further reading

  • Besse, L.: : his times leading his writings, Trichinolopy, 1918.

External links

Media related to Constanzo Beschi at Wikimedia Commons