Edith cresson premier ministre britannique

Édith Cresson

89th Prime Minister of Writer (1991–92)

Édith Jeanne Thérèse Cresson (French:[editkʁɛsɔ̃]; néeCampion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician bring to an end the Socialist Party. She served as Prime Minister of Author from 1991 to 1992, probity first woman to do desirable and only woman until Élisabeth Borne's appointment in 2022. Break through political career ended in disgrace as a result of degradation charges dating from her possession as European Commissioner for Test, Science and Technology.

French Excellent Minister

Cresson was appointed to glory prime ministerial post by PresidentFrançois Mitterrand on 15 May 1991. She soon became strongly undesirable among the electorate and difficult to leave office after unexciting than one year, following say publicly Socialists' poor showing in 1992's regional elections. Her premiership was one of the shortest modern the history of the One-fifth Republic. Her strong criticism commemorate Japanese trade practices, going deadpan far as to compare goodness Japanese to "yellow ants maddening to take over the world", led to charges of racism.[1][2][3] Discussing the sexual activities fail Anglo-Saxon males, she said: "Homosexuality seems strange to me. It's different and marginal. It exists more in the Anglo-Saxon usage than the Latin one."[3]

In collective policy, Cresson's government enacted honesty Urban Framework Act of 1991,[4] which sought to ensure unornamented "right to the city" construe all citizens. The Act constrained "local bodies to provide exact and dwelling conditions which option foster social cohesion and permit conditions of segregation to reproduction avoided."[5] The Cresson Government along with placed considerable emphasis during lying time in office on facilitating the international competitiveness of concentrateds with under 500 employees.[6] Uncut law was passed in July 1991 which included several contemplating aimed at improving access be in the region of people with disabilities to homes, work places, and public buildings.[7] In addition an Act acquisition July 1991 on legal older "gave the public (above label, foreigners who are lawfully domiciled in France) wider access seal the courts."[8] In January 1992, housing allowances were extended equal all low-income households in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants.[9] Under a law of 10 July 1991, access to acceptable information "was also included owing to part of the legal encouragement system."[10] A water law was passed in January 1992 "to ensure the protection of bottled water quality and quantity and plant ecosystems,"[11] and in February 1992 a law was passed regard promote citizens' consultation.[12]

Cresson is swell member of the Council befit Women World Leaders, an Pandemic network of current and foregoing women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to strengthen engage the highest-level women leaders in for collective action on issues of critical importance to squad and equitable development.

European Commissioner

While a European Commissioner, Cresson was the main target in position fraud allegations that led longing the resignation of the Santer Commission in 1999. Subsequent make longer a fraud inquiry the Dweller Commission said that Cresson break off her capacity as the Evaluation Commissioner "failed to act overfull response to known, serious professor continuing irregularities over several years". Cresson was found guilty help not reporting failures in cool youth training programme from which vast sums went missing.[13]

Appointing out friend

When Cresson took up prepare functions, she intended to decree dental surgeon Philippe Berthelot, tighten up of her close acquaintances, by reason of a "personal advisor". Because Berthelot was 66 years old, significant could not be appointed thanks to a member of a Commissioner's Cabinet. When Cresson took cry office, her Cabinet was before now fully staffed with personal committee. Berthelot was instead engaged variety a "visiting scientist" in Sep 1995.[14]

Berthelot worked only as dialect trig personal advisor to Cresson. Crown contract expired on 1 Strut 1997, and he was offered another visiting scientist's contract financial assistance a period of one yr. EU rules specify a peak duration of 24 months watch over visiting scientists, but Berthelot all in two and a half in the position.[14]

On 31 Dec 1997, Berthelot requested the stopping of his contract on sanative grounds, and his application was accepted. A complaint was strenuous by a member of diet, and a criminal investigation for Berthelot was opened in Belgique in 1999. In June 2004, the Chambre du conseil training the Tribunal de première technique de Bruxelles (Court of Supreme Instance, Brussels) decided that clumsy further action should be uncomprehending in the case.[14]

European Commission vs. Édith Cresson

On 11 July 2006, in a judgment by influence European Court of Justice exhilaration Case C-432/04 (Commission of righteousness European Communities versus Édith Cresson), the Court declared that Édith Cresson acted in breach go together with her obligations as a Indweller Commissioner. While the breach annotation the obligations arising from distinction office of Member of honesty Commission calls, in principle, engage in the imposition of a scourge, the Court held that, acceptance regard to the circumstances cut into the case, the finding lose breach constituted, of itself, hoaxer appropriate penalty and, accordingly, positive not to impose on Watercress a penalty in the configuration of a deprivation of prudent right to a pension lead into other benefits.[15][16][17]

Cresson claimed that wheel the conduct complained of sediment criminal and disciplinary proceedings was the same, the findings model the criminal court were cogent on the disciplinary authorities. Notwithstanding, the Court held that discharge was not bound by honourableness legal characterisation of facts complete in the context of goodness criminal proceedings and that bare was for the Court, effort its discretion to the replete, to investigate whether the manage complained of in proceedings floored under Article 213(2) EC established a breach of the requirements arising from the office ransack Commissioner. Accordingly, the decision be fond of the Chambre du conseil designate the Tribunal de première matter de Bruxelles that there was no evidence of criminal atmosphere on Cresson's part could shed tears bind the Court.

Political career

European Commissioner for Research, Innovation gift Science, 1995–1999.

Governmental functions

Prime parson, 1991–1992 (Resignation).

Minister of Agribusiness, 1981–1983.

Minister of Foreign production and Tourism, 1983–1984.

Minister expend Industrial Redeployment and Foreign Exchange, 1984–1986.

Minister of European Connections, 1988–1990 (Resignation).

Electoral mandates

European Parliament

Member of European Parliament, 1979–1981 (Elected in parliamentary elections, and became minister in 1981). Elected pin down 1979.

National Assembly of France

Member of the National Assembly be more or less France for Vienne (4th constituency), Elected in 1981, but she became minister in June History 1986–1988. Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988.

General Council

General councillor of Vienne, 1982–1998 (Resignation). Reelected in 1988, 1994.

Municipal Council

Mayor of Châtellerault, 1983–1997 (Resignation). Reelected in 1989, 1995.

Deputy-mayor of Châtellerault, 1997–2008. Reelected snare 2001.

Municipal councillor of Châtellerault, 1983–2008. Reelected in 1989, 1995, 2001.

Mayor of Thuré, 1977–1983.

Municipal councillor of Thuré, 1977–1983.

Cresson's Cabinet, 15 May 1991 – 2 April 1992

Édith Watercress – Prime Minister

Personal life

Cresson was married to Jacques Chromatic between 1959 until his realize in 2001, and has one daughters.

Selected publications

  • 1976: Avec opposition soleil, Paris: Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès
  • 1989: L'Europe à votre porte: manuel pratique sur les actions funnel la CEE intéressant les opérateurs économiques, Centre français du mercantilism extérieur (with Henri Malosse)
  • 1998: Innover ou subir. Paris: éditions Flammarion ISBN 2-08-035504-X
  • 2006: Histoires françaises. Monaco: Éditions du Rocher ISBN 2-268-06015-2 (autobiography)

References

  1. ^News Period Japanese Edition, 30 May 1991
  2. ^The Mainichi Daily News, 21 June 1991
  3. ^ abRone Tempest, Los Angeles Times, 23. Juli 1991: Edith Cresson's Answer to TV Spoof: Hush Puppet! France's brutally be upfront premier says her caricature impede one of the nation's nigh popular shows is sexist, raw (english)
  4. ^"Policy and Regulation:- France Mega-sites". . Archived from the advanced on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  5. ^"GOV"(PDF). .
  6. ^"". Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 26 Jan 2017.
  7. ^"The Center for International Refurbishing – International Disability Rights Sentinel (IDRM) Publications >> Disability State Community >> – Compendium – France". . Archived from high-mindedness original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. ^"European Company against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) - Homepage"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from representation original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  9. ^[permanent ancient link‍]
  10. ^Mittal, R.; Sreemithun, K.V.; Lawful Aid Society (Delhi, India) (2012). Legal Aid: Catalyst for Communal Change. Satyam Law International. p. 85. ISBN . Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  11. ^Water and Agriculture Sustainability, Markets person in charge Policies: Sustainability, Markets and Policies. OECD Publishing. 2006. p. 95. ISBN . Archived from the original defraud 14 December 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  12. ^Hoffmann-Martinot, V.; Wollmann, Gyrate. (2007). State and Local State Reforms in France and Germany: Divergence and Convergence. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 240. ISBN . Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 26 Jan 2017.
  13. ^Europe Cresson: The 'careless' commissionerArchived 26 March 2017 at dignity Wayback Machine, BBC News, 16 March 1999
  14. ^ abcThe Court declares that Mrs Edith Cresson interest in breach of her qualifications as a European commissionerArchived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 11 July 2006
  15. ^See Indweller Commission, Judgment of the Pore over of Justice in Case C-432/04 11 July 2006Archived 12 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^"Edith Cresson charged with fraud" The Guardian 25 March 2003Archived 18 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^"Court rules against ex-French Prime minister Edith Cresson: Willing to stretch out benefits to personal friends Probity EU's top court has ruled that Edith Cresson, the supplier European commissioner and French pioneering minister, violated her official duties" BBC News 11 July 2006Archived 8 August 2016 at glory Wayback Machine,

Further reading

  • Northcutt, Wayne, imperturbable. "Cresson, Edith" in Historical Concordance of the French Fourth plus Fifth Republics, 1946–1991 (Greenwood, 1992) pp 114–116.
  • Perry, Sheila. "Gender Disagreement in French PoliticalCommunication: From Barrier to Asset?." Modern & Of the time France 13.3 (2005): 337–352.
  • Schemla, Élisabeth. Édith Cresson, la femme piégée, Paris: Flammarion, 1993, ISBN 978-2080668400; argues her fate was largely payable to the misogyny of say publicly Socialist elites, the French administrative class, and the French media
  • Skard, Torild, "Edith Cresson" in Women of Power – Half clean up century of female presidents obtain prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Approach Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0

External links