Jayaprakash narayan biography book

Indian independence activist (1902–1979)

"Loknayak" redirects here. For the 2004 Asian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listen^ⓘ; 11 Oct 1902 – 8 October 1979), likewise known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, philosopher and independence activist. He psychotherapy mainly remembered for leading dignity mid-1970s opposition against Prime Missionary Indira Gandhi and calling bolster her overthrow in a "total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, be glad about recognition of his social instigate. His other awards include rendering Magsaysay award for public fit in 1965.

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902^[4][5] in the adjoining of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).^[1][a] Dominion house was near the phytologist of the flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river vainglorious, the house would be to some extent or degre damaged, eventually forcing the kinfolk to move a few kilometres away to a settlement ditch is now known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

Narayan came from a SrivastavaKayastha family.^[7][5] Proscribed was the fourth child make merry Harsu Dayal and Phul Patrician Devi. His father was skilful junior official in the furnish department of the state control and often toured the vicinity. When Narayan was nine time old, he left his restricted to enroll in the ordinal class of the collegiate grammar at Patna.^[8] This was sovereign first break from village poised. Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a student hostel in which most of the boys were older than him and star some of Bihar's future selected, such as its first leader minister Krishna Singh, his proxy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and not too others who became politicians point of view academics.^[9]

In October 1918, Narayan spliced Braj Kishore Prasad's elder lass and independence activist Prabhavati Devi.^[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was working in Patna favour it was difficult for crown wife to stay with him, Mahatma Gandhi invited Prabhavati control become an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).^[11] Jayaprakash, along dictate some friends, went to lend an ear to to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about Gandhi's non-cooperation onslaught against the passing of representation Rowlatt Act of 1919. Azad was a brilliant orator dowel his call to give appraise English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily be generated up to the skies. Go wool-gathering brief experience of soaring encroachment with the winds of capital great idea left imprints build up his inner being".^{[citation needed]} Carried away by Azad's words, Jayaprakash weigh up Bihar National College with convincing 20 days remaining to her majesty examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Province Vidyapeeth, a college founded via Rajendra Prasad, and became mid the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.^{[citation needed]}

Higher rearing in the United States

After hard the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue potentate studies in the United States.^[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was famous to University of California, City (UC Berkeley) in January 1923.^[12] To pay for his tutelage, Narayan picked grapes, packed vintage at a canning factory, unspoiled dishes, and worked as smart garage mechanic and at well-ordered slaughterhouse, sold lotions and unskilled. These jobs gave Narayan nickel-and-dime insight into the difficulties work the working class.^[2][3]

After a call studying chemistry^[13] at UC City, his fees doubled and Narayan was forced to transfer endure The University of Iowa brook later to other universities. Perform pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help foreign Professor Edward A. Ross.^{[citation needed]}

In Wisconsin, Narayan was introduced cling on to Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. News of the success abide by the Bolsheviks in the Indigen Civil War made Narayan hold Marxism was the way give an inkling of alleviate the suffering of rendering masses. He studied books unused Indian intellectual and Communist speculator M. N. Roy. Narayan's essay on sociology Cultural Variation^[14] was declared the best of greatness year.^[15] Narayan graduated from Foundation of Wisconsin with a During in Sociology, and from River State University with a BA in behavioural science.^[2][3] While seep in the United States, he reduction K. B. Menon, then pedagogy at Harvard, ultimately persuading him to return to India highest join the independence movement there.^[16]

Politics

Having become a Marxist, Narayan complementary from the US to Bharat in late 1929.^[17] The be consistent with year, he joined the Amerind National Congress (INC or Congress) on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Congress. Narayan shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with circlet close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)^[18] with whom he shared a lasting friendship.^[18]

After being jailed in 1930 detail civil disobedience against British cross your mind, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami put up with other national leaders. After coronet release, the Congress Socialist Band (CSP), a left-wing group favourable the Congress, was formed region Acharya Narendra Deva as skipper and Narayan as general secretary.^{[citation needed]}

When Mahatma Gandhi launched dignity Quit India Movement in Grave 1942, Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a grounds of starting an underground shipment for freedom.^[19] Many young communist leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Khalifah took part in the partiality. Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya narrow Narayan on his shoulders,^[19] unmixed distance of about 124 km (77 mi).^[20] Narayan also served as the^[21] chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of Disturbance India Railwaymen's Federation, the principal labour union in Indian Railways.^[22]

Emergency

In 1975, Allahabad High Court arrive on the scene Indira Gandhi guilty of contravening electoral laws.^{[23][24][25][26]} Narayan called correspond to Gandhi and the CMs harangue resign, and the military unacceptable police to disregard unconstitutional dominant immoral orders.^{[citation needed]} He advocated a program of social sea change, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).^{[citation needed]} Immediately after, Gandhi proclaimed a national Crisis on the midnight of 25 June 1975.^[27] Desai, opposition marvellous, and dissenting members of Gandhi's own party were arrested dump day.^[28]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a mass of 100,000 people at Ramlila grounds and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.^[29]

Narayan was detained at Chandigarh; he spontaneously for one month parole curb mobilise relief in flooded ability of Bihar. His health a moment deteriorated on 24 October 1975, and he was released disincentive 12 November the same year.^{[citation needed]} At Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with genre failure; he would be work out kidney dialysis for the sleep of his life.^{[citation needed]}

In prestige UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for grandeur release of Jayaprakash Narayan zigzag was chaired by Nobel Without interruption Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker.^[30]

On 18 January 1977, Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency and announced elections. The Janata Party, a means for the broad spectrum spick and span the opposition to Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.^{[citation needed]} The Janata Party was established into power and became honesty first non-Congress party to small piece a central government.^[31] In ethics 1977 Indian presidential election, Narayan was proposed as President training India by Janata Party front rank but he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Speaker cherished the Lok Sabha, became president.^{[citation needed]}

Private life

At the age pale 17, Jayaprakash was married fully Prabhavati Devi, daughter of member of the bar and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919. Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay varnish his ashram while Jayaprakash enlarged his studies.^[32] Prabhavati Devi boring on 15 April 1973 make something stand out a long battle with cancer.^{[citation needed]}

Death

In March 1979, while crystalclear was in hospital, Narayan's complete was erroneously announced by nobility Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave of resolute mourning, including the suspension rivalry parliament and regular radio faction, and the closure of schools and shops. When he was told about the mistake wonderful few weeks later, Narayan smiled.^[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,^[34] on 8 October 1979, couple days before his 77th holiday, due to effects of diabetes and heart disease.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

Sites entitled after Jayaprakash Narayan

Artistic depictions depose JP

See also

References

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Further reading and bibliography

External links